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	Author	Ronja Addams-Moring
	Title	Tsunami self-evacuation of a group of western travelers and resulting requirements for multi-hazard early warning			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	83-92
	Keywords	Developing countries; Ad hoc MEA system; Early warning; False alarms; Group evacuation; Mea; Mobile emergency announcement; Pre-disaster mitigation; Tsunamis
	Abstract	This paper describes the experiences of a West-European project group in Sri Lanka in March 2005, during a tsunami threat. They had previous disaster related knowledge and used both local guidance, global media and contacts back home, but could not get adequate information about how much time they had, how likely a tsunami was, or which countries had ordered evacuations. Their decision to evacuate was based on their own reasoning and influenced most by one trusted local resident. Their mobile phone communication with their relations in Europe created a de facto ad hoc mobile emergency announcement (MEA) system. Their decision to return relied heavily on the ad hoc MEA text messages, as local authorities had not yet issued an all-clear. The findings underline the importance of multiple early warning languages and delivery channels and suggest that when relevant, 'event onset time' should be explicit in early warning.
	Address	Helsinki University of Technology, Finland
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	GCMR	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	252
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	Author	Kpotissan Adjetey-Bahun; Babiga Birregah; Eric Châtelet; Jean-Luc Planchet; Edgar Laurens-Fonseca
	Title	A simulation-based approach to quantifying resilience indicators in a mass transportation system			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2014	Publication	ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2014
	Volume		Issue		Pages	75-79
	Keywords	Indicators (instruments); Information systems; Crisis management; Early warning; Mass transportation systems; Railway; Railway transportation; Resilience; Simulation-based modeling; Railroads
	Abstract	A simulation-based model used to measure resilience indicators of the railway transportation system is presented. This model is tested through a perturbation scenario: the inoperability of a track which links two stations in the system. The performance of the system is modelled through two indicators: (a) the number of passengers that reach their destination and (b) the total delay of passengers after a serious perturbation. The number of passengers within a given station at a given time is considered as early warning in the model. Furthermore, a crisis management plan has been simulated for this perturbation scenario in order to help the system to recover quickly from this perturbation. This crisis management plan emphasizes the role and the importance of the proposed indicators when managing crises.
	Address	Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP), France; Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT), UMR 6281, CNRS, France; UTT, UMR 6281, CNRS, France; RATP, France
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	The Pennsylvania State University	Place of Publication	University Park, PA	Editor	S.R. Hiltz, M.S. Pfaff, L. Plotnick, and P.C. Shih.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780692211946	Medium
	Track	Analytic Modeling and Simulation	Expedition		Conference	11th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	254
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	Author	Simone De Kleermaeker; Loana Arentz
	Title	Serious gaming intraining for crisis response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Hardware; Oil well flooding; Personnel training; Added values; Crisis response; Early Warning System; Learning objectives; Netherlands; Serious games; Serious gaming; Information systems
	Abstract	In this practitioner report, we present the experiences with the use of the serious game Water Coach in a national training for crisis response professionals in the Netherlands. This paper describes the set-up of the training and its learning objectives. We explain the usability of the Water Coach in such a training and the extended functionalities that were required. Finally, the evaluation of the training, in which we focus on the added value of a serious game in the training for crisis response, is presented. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	Deltares, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Education and Training	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	96
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	Author	Matthias Lendholt; Martin Hammitzsch; Miguel Angel Esbrí
	Title	Interlinking national tsunami early warning systems towards ocean-wide system-of-systems networks			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Disaster prevention; Electronic data interchange; Information systems; Markup languages; Cap; Common alerting protocols; Disaster management; Early warning; Edxl; European research project; Reference implementation; Tsunami early-warning systems; Tsunamis
	Abstract	For the integration of national tsunami warning systems to large scale, ocean-wide warning infrastructures a specific protocol has been developed enabling system communication in a system-of-system environment. The proposed communication model incorporates requirements of UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanic Commission tsunami programme to interlink national tsunami early warning systems. The model designed to be robust simple is based on existing interoperability standards. It uses the Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) for the exchange of official tsunami warning bulletins. Sensor measurements are communicated via markup languages of the Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) suite. Both communication products are embedded into an envelope carrying address information based on the Emergency Data Exchange Language Distribution Element (EDXL-DE). The research took place within the context of two European research projects. The reference implementation of the presented results was tested independently in deployments at two early warning centers. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	German Research Centre for Geosciences, Germany; Atos Research and Innovation, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Early Warning and Expert Systems for Disaster Management	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	153
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	Author	Andrea Zielinski; Ulrich Bügel
	Title	Multilingual analysis of twitter news in support of mass emergency events			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Disasters; Earthquakes; Information retrieval systems; Information systems; Sensor networks; Cross-lingual information; Early Warning System; Earthquake events; Event detection; Multilingual analysis; Social sensors; Support crisis management; Twitter; Social networking (online)
	Abstract	Social media are increasingly becoming a source for event-based early warning systems in the sense that they can help to detect natural disasters and support crisis management during or after disasters. In this work-in-progress paper we study the problems of analyzing multilingual twitter feeds for emergency events. The present work focuses on English as “lingua franca” and on under-resourced Mediterranean languages in endangered zones, particularly Turkey, Greece, and Romania Generally, as local civil protection authorities and the population are likely to respond in their native language. We investigated ten earthquake events and defined four language-specific classifiers that can be used to detect earthquakes by filtering out irrelevant messages that do not relate to the event. The final goal is to extend this work to more Mediterranean languages and to classify and extract relevant information from tweets, translating the main keywords into English. Preliminary results indicate that such a filter has the potential to confirm forecast parameters of tsunami affecting coastal areas where no tide gauges exist and could be integrated into seismographic sensor networks. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	Fraunhofer IOSB, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Command and Control Studies	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	245
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	Author	Angela I. Chung; Jesse F. Lawrence; Carl Christensen
	Title	Evaluating the integrability of the quake-catcher network (QCN)			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	386-390
	Keywords	Information systems; Earthquake detection; Earthquake early warning systems; Integrability; New zealand; Seismic networks; Urban networks; Earthquakes
	Abstract	This paper reviews the Quake-Catcher Network (QCN), a distributed computing seismic network that uses lowcost USB accelerometers to record earthquakes, and discusses the potential to incorporate QCN stations with traditional seismic networks. These very dense urban networks could then be used to create a working earthquake early warning system, as has been shown by our preliminary tests of the QCN in Christchurch, New Zealand. Although we have not yet attempted to add traditional seismometers to the QCN or supplement existing seismic networks with QCN sensors, we suggest that to do so would not be difficult, due to the simple nature of our network.
	Address	Stanford University, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie	Place of Publication	KIT; Baden-Baden	Editor	T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9783923704804	Medium
	Track	Emergency Management Information Systems	Expedition		Conference	10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	398
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	Author	Tom De Groeve; Patrick Riva
	Title	Early flood detection and mapping for humanitarian response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2009	Publication	ISCRAM 2009 – 6th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Boundary Spanning Initiatives and New Perspectives	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2009
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Image processing; Information systems; Mapping; Time series; Early warning; Flood detections; Flood mapping; Humanitarian response; Passive microwave remote sensing; Floods
	Abstract	Space-based river monitoring can provide a systematic, timely and impartial way to detect floods of humanitarian concern. This paper presents a new processing method for such data, resulting in daily flood magnitude time series for any arbitrary observation point on Earth, with lag times as short as 4h. Compared with previous work, this method uses image processing techniques and reduces the time to obtain a 6 year time series for an observation site from months to minutes, with more accurate results and global coverage. This results in a daily update of major floods in the world, with an objective measure for their magnitude, useful for early humanitarian response. Because of its full coverage, the grid-based technique also allows the automatic creation of low-resolution flood maps only hours after the satellite passes, independent of cloud coverage.
	Address	Joint Research Center, European Commission, Italy
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Gothenburg	Editor	J. Landgren, S. Jul
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789163347153	Medium
	Track	Human-Computer Interaction	Expedition		Conference	6th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	428
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	Author	Simone De Kleermaeker; Annette Zijderveld; Bart Thonus
	Title	Training for crisis response with serious games based on early warning systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2011	Publication	8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2011
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Information systems; Oil well flooding; Personnel training; Crisis response; Early Warning System; Learning objectives; Serious gaming; Target audience; Training and exercise; Training program; Training tools; Floods
	Abstract	This paper discusses serious games developed as part of a training program developed for a Dutch crisis response group, which acts during a (potential) flooding crisis. Training in general contributes to a wide range of learning objectives and can address different target audiences. For each combination of learning objective and target audience, the proper form of education has to be selected, ranging from self-tuition to large scale multi-party training and exercises. Serious games can be a useful and educational addition to the set of existing training tools. For operational crisis response groups a high match with real-time warning systems is essential. Our approach shows how to integrate both serious games and early warning systems for effective training and exercises. We end with our lessons learned in designing serious games based on early warning systems, in the context of a training program for a crisis response group.
	Address	Deltares, Netherlands; HKV Consultants, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Lisbon	Editor	M.A. Santos, L. Sousa, E. Portela
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789724922478	Medium
	Track	Early Warning and Alert Systems	Expedition		Conference	8th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	433
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	Author	David Díez; Paloma Díaz; Ignacio Aedo
	Title	Virtual communities of practice: Design directions for technology-mediated collaboration in the early warning activity			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	ISCRAM 2010 – 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Defining Crisis Management 3.0, Proceedings	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2010
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Design; Information systems; Virtual reality; Communities of Practice; Crisis management; Design guide; Early warning; Soft knowledge; Knowledge management
	Abstract	The performance of early warning activities involves the management of complex situations as uncertainty is common, information is frequently scattered and the number of stakeholders affected is large. In this context, the performance of early warning activities is distinguished by the significance of internalized experience as well as the generalized use of cultural knowledge, internalized domain knowledge and tacit knowledge. A suitable and well-known way to endorse the creation and exchange of this kind of knowledge -usually called soft knowledge- is the application of communities of practitioners. Based on the review of the communities of practice approach, its principles and rationale, this paper proposes a set of design guidelines aimed at addressing the technological design of technological platforms that support the creation, exchange and acquisition of soft knowledge for its application in early warning activities.
	Address	Computer Science Department, DEI Laboratory, Universidad Carlos III, Spain
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Seattle, WA	Editor	S. French, B. Tomaszewski, C. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Poster Session	Expedition		Conference	7th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	447
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	Author	S.H.M. Fakhruddin
	Title	Community based cost effective early warning dissemination network (EWDN)			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	50-51
	Keywords	Information systems; Community-based; Cost effective; Deleterious effects; Disaster warnings; Dissemination networks; Early warning; Loss of life; Natural disasters; Disasters
	Abstract	Natural disasters are frequent in Bengladesh. Because Bengladesh has a fragile economy that is mostly dependent on agriculture, these events can be disastrous to the economy and people of the country. Adequate warnings to the community and institutions can mitigate the deleterious effects. This paper presents a model for an effective disaster warning and dissemination system (EWDN) that can provide timely and accurate alerts of natural disasters thus reducing loss of life, property and other risks.
	Address	ADPC, Thailand
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	WORKSHOP ON FUTURE COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	480
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	Author	Franclin Foping; Ioannis M. Dokas
	Title	A saas-based early warning information fusion system for critical infrastructure safety			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	156-165
	Keywords	Critical infrastructures; Information fusion; Information systems; Public works; Software as a service (SaaS); Web services; Communications systems; Complex problems; Deployment models; Early Warning System; Prototype system; Republic of Ireland; Saas; Safety management systems; Information management
	Abstract	Maintaining the critical infrastructures, such as Drinking Water Treatment Plants (DWTP), transportation, power generation and communications systems, in a safe state is a complex problem. The effective collaboration, as well as the collection aggregation and dissemination of early warning information among the stakeholders of the Safety Management System (SMS) responsible for the safety of these critical infrastructures are some of the challenges that need to be addressed. This paper argues that the Software as a Service (SaaS) deployment model can offer new ways of enhancing the fusion of early warning information during the operation phase of critical infrastructures. It presents the requirements, the architecture and a number of features of a working prototype SaaS-based early warning information fusion system for DWTP safety issues in the Republic of Ireland. It is the first time that a SaaSbased working prototype system is reported of providing early warning information fusion services in the literature.
	Address	Cork Constraint Computation Centre, UCC, Cork, Ireland
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie	Place of Publication	KIT; Baden-Baden	Editor	T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9783923704804	Medium
	Track	Critical Infrastructures	Expedition		Conference	10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	501
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	Author	Stephen C. Fortier; Ioannis M. Dokas
	Title	Setting the specification framework of an Early Warning System using IDEF0 and information modeling			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	441-450
	Keywords	Disasters; Facilities; Information systems; Information theory; Information use; Sensors; Specifications; Systems engineering; Analysis; Data collection; Early Warning System; Express; IDEF0 modeling; Information Modeling; Material recovery facilities; Requirements; Sadt; Alarm systems
	Abstract	Our goal is to develop an Early Warning System for an engineering system with a special interest in applying this to a material recovery facility. This on-going research points out that there is no clear definition of what Early Warning Systems are. A literature search for Early Warning Systems identifies hundred of thousands hits (Buchanan-Smith, 1999; Davies, Buchanan-Smith, Lambert, 1991). Almost all of the references had to do with financial systems for third world countries, tracking the destructive nature of violent conflicts that led to human suffering, or systems for syndromic surveillance. The goal of our research, and of this paper, is to define a framework for creating a specification that can be considered as the basis for the development of any Early Warning System-specifically for engineering systems. Therefore, we will describe Early Warning Systems and its requirements and specifications. Based on specification patterns, we have developed an abstract model of an Early Warning System; and developed an IDEF0 model of a material recovery facility that provides the framework for specifying an Early Warning System. The Early Warning System is then specified using information modeling.
	Address	George Washington University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Washington, DC, United States; Cork Constrained Computation Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Early Warning Systems	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	503
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	Author	Alicia Cabañas Ibañez; Dirk Schwanenberg; Luis Garrote De Marcos; Miguel Francés Mahamud; Javier Arbaizar González
	Title	An example of Flood Forecasting and Decision-Support System for water management in Spain			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2011	Publication	8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2011
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Computer simulation; Decision support systems; Flood control; Hydraulic tools; Information systems; Reservoir management; Water management; Data-sources; Early warning; Early Warning System; Flood forecasting; Flood management; Open-shell; Floods
	Abstract	The paper provides an overview of past, present and future development in the program to implement a Flood Forecasting and Decision-Support System (DSS) for the SAIH network in some Spanish basins. These tools represent a significant advance by embedding the decision-making components for management of hydraulic infrastructure into the flood forecasting and flood early warning procedures. The DSS has been implemented based on an open-shell platform for integrating various data sources and different simulation models. So far, it covers the Segura, Jucar, Tajo, Duero and Miño-Sil basins, which represent 42% of Spanish territory. Special attention is paid to the decision-support for the operation of the 66 major reservoirs as a fundamental part of flood management.
	Address	KV Consultores, Madrid, Spain; Deltares, Operational Water Management, Delft, Netherlands; Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain; Dirección General Del Agua, Spain
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Lisbon	Editor	M.A. Santos, L. Sousa, E. Portela
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789724922478	Medium
	Track	Early Warning and Alert Systems	Expedition		Conference	8th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	609
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	Author	Syed Imran; Franclin Foping; Ioannis M. Dokas; John Feehan
	Title	Towards domain specific modeling approach in early warning system			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	ISCRAM 2010 – 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Defining Crisis Management 3.0, Proceedings	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2010
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Accident prevention; Information systems; Open source software; Software engineering; Water supply; Water treatment plants; Domain specific modeling; DSM approaches; Early warning; Early Warning System; Early warning systems; Governance models; Knowledge model; Monitoring mechanisms; Alarm systems
	Abstract	It is of practical significance and great value to design and develop a novel Early Warning System (EWS), which will be used by the personnel of institutions involved in the drinking water delivery governance model of Ireland. In order to help the users of our EWS in representing and codifying their knowledge on the complex coincidences that may drive Water Treatment Plants (WTP) to failures or to hazardous states we propose in this paper a novel approach of using Domain Specific Modeling (DSM) in the domain of EWS for Water Treatment Plants. The novelty of our DSM approach also lies in providing a standalone open source software application rendering profiling of the water utilities, early warning signals, monitoring mechanisms of signals along with capability of assessing the “tendency” of a WTP towards failure, given a set of observed early warning signals.
	Address	University College, Cork, Ireland
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Seattle, WA	Editor	S. French, B. Tomaszewski, C. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Poster Session	Expedition		Conference	7th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	614
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	Author	Murray E. Jennex
	Title	Informal early warning systems, the utility Y2K experience			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	287-289
	Keywords	Disaster prevention; Information systems; Co-operative systems; Design and implementations; Disaster management; Early Warning System; Emergency response; Multi-national corporations; Political issues; Y2k; Alarm systems
	Abstract	The 2004 tsunami has generated a call for a global early warning system. Political issues may prevent this from occurring soon or at all. This paper explores previous experience with informal early warning systems from the Year 2000, Y2K, rollover. Informal early warning systems, IEWS, are cooperative systems formed outside of direct government control, usually from nonprofit or industry organizations. The two discussed utility Y2K IEWS were formed through an industry group and within a single multinational corporation. The paper concludes with lessons learned from the design and implementation of these systems.
	Address	San Diego State University, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	EARLY WARNING AND RESPONSE: SPECIAL SESSION	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	626
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	Author	Michael Klafft; Ulrich Meissen
	Title	Assessing the economic value of early warning systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2011	Publication	8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2011
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Disaster prevention; Disasters; Information systems; Privatization; Assessment models; Continuous operation; Disaster management; Early Warning System; Economic assessments; Investment decisions; Private investors; Sociocultural factors; Investments
	Abstract	As of today, investments into early warning systems are, to a large extent, politically motivated and “disaster-driven”. This means that investments tend to increase significantly if a disaster strikes, but are often quickly reduced in the following disaster-free years. Such investment patterns make the continuous operation, maintenance and development of the early warning infrastructure a challenging task and may lead to sub-optimal investment decisions. The paper presented here proposes an economic assessment model for the tangible economic impact of early warning systems. The model places a focus on the false alert problematic and goes beyond previous approaches by incorporating some socio-cultural factors (qualitatively estimated as of now). By doing so, it supports policymakers (but also private investors) in their investment decisions related to early warning applications.
	Address	Fraunhofer ISST, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Lisbon	Editor	M.A. Santos, L. Sousa, E. Portela
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789724922478	Medium
	Track	Early Warning and Alert Systems	Expedition		Conference	8th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	654
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	Author	Matthias Lendholt; Martin Hammitzsch
	Title	Generic information logistics for early warning systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2011	Publication	8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2011
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Alarm systems; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Hazards; Information systems; Terminology; Tsunamis; Cap; Disaster management; Early warning; Edxl; Information logistics; Interoperability
	Abstract	The delivery of user-tailored warning messages for heterogeneous user groups is a challenge rarely covered by hazard monitoring and early warning systems. While attention is mostly focused on sensor measurements and disaster prediction, warning message dissemination is often based on technical terminology and is not appropriate for the majority of interested user groups. This article describes the concepts of generic information logistics developed for the distant early warning system (DEWS). It is designed to not be limited to specific hazard types, languages or other deployment specifics. Instead, it enables the generation of user-tailored warning messages that account for specific needs and it provides several filter mechanisms to avoid unintended message flooding in emergency situations. Moreover, the importance of spatial references in messages is highlighted and accounted for in both automatic message processing and message reception by humans. Warning messages are based on the common alerting protocol (CAP) to allow interoperability with other early warning systems.
	Address	German Research Centre for Geosciences, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Lisbon	Editor	M.A. Santos, L. Sousa, E. Portela
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789724922478	Medium
	Track	Early Warning and Alert Systems	Expedition		Conference	8th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	686
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	Author	Ulrich Meissen; Frank Fuchs-Kittowski
	Title	Towards a reference architecture of crowdsourcing integration in early warning systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2014	Publication	ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2014
	Volume		Issue		Pages	334-338
	Keywords	Disaster prevention; Disasters; Information systems; Management information systems; Alert systems; Architectural principles; Disaster management; Early warning; Early warning systems; Geo-crowdsourcing; Integrated architecture; Reference architecture; Architecture
	Abstract	Crowdsourcing has the potential to become a crucial information source in disaster management. In order to become effective as an integrated part of disaster management systems it is important to set the general architectural foundations for such integrations beyond prototypical experiments. This paper discusses general architectural principles of the application of crowdsourcing in Early Warning Systems (EWS). An integrated architecture is proposed to use classical sensor data and crowdsourcing in an EWS solution. Therefore, typical components of crowdsourcing applications are identified and mapped to monitoring subsystems of EWS's. Three main structural variants of applying crowdsourcing in early warning systems along the example of a prototypical extension of two existing large-scale hydro-meteorological warning systems are presented.
	Address	Fraunhofer FOKUS, HTW Berlin, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	The Pennsylvania State University	Place of Publication	University Park, PA	Editor	S.R. Hiltz, M.S. Pfaff, L. Plotnick, and P.C. Shih.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780692211946	Medium
	Track	Geographic Information Science	Expedition		Conference	11th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	761
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	Author	Ulrich Meissen; Markus Hardt; Agnès Voisard
	Title	Towards a general system design for community-centered crisis and emergency warning systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2014	Publication	ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2014
	Volume		Issue		Pages	155-159
	Keywords	Disaster prevention; Information systems; Meteorological problems; Mobile devices; Systems analysis; Alerting; Community engagement; Early warning; Reference architecture; Situation awareness; Disasters
	Abstract	Early Warning Systems (EWS) provide an effective measure for better disaster preparedness, response, and mitigation. The effectiveness of EWS depends highly on the ability to distribute alert message to the persons that will be affected. In this context mobile devices play already a vital role in the ability to reach people in time and at the endangered location. Most existing approaches focus on mass dissemination methods via SMS and Cell-Broadcasting. As these approaches are effective to inform masses about a disaster with one message for all they have their weaknesses in telling the people how to respond according to their location and provide individual guidance (e.g. by maps) within specific communities. Research in disaster management gives strong evidence that the later is often crucial for better disaster response. Accordingly, we witness an increasing demand for more community-centered warnings systems solutions. This paper introduces the general foundations and architecture for alert services on mobile devices that adapt incoming alert information to the profile and situation of user groups and even individual users. The approach is scalable for different communitycentered warning systems. Its first applicability and community engagement effects are shown in the example of the community-centered public disaster alert system in Germany and a target group specific weather hazard alert system, KATWARN and WIND with currently over 2.5 million subscribed users, which was developed by the authors.
	Address	Fraunhofer FOKUS, Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	The Pennsylvania State University	Place of Publication	University Park, PA	Editor	S.R. Hiltz, M.S. Pfaff, L. Plotnick, and P.C. Shih.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780692211946	Medium
	Track	Community Engagement in Crisis Informatics Research	Expedition		Conference	11th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	762
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	Author	Ulrich Meissen; Agnès Voisard
	Title	Increasing the effectiveness of early warning via context-aware alerting			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	431-440
	Keywords	Disaster prevention; Alert systems; Context-awareness; Disaster prevention and mitigations; Early Warning System; Early warning systems; Evaluation modeling; New information and communication technologies; Research results; Information systems
	Abstract	The effective implementation of early warning is one of the best investments for disaster prevention and mitigation. In the last decade, we have witnessed strong efforts and progress towards better risk detection, monitoring and prediction. However, the best warnings are ineffective if they cannot be distributed in a timely way and targeted to people at risk. With the evolvement of new Information and Communication Technologies, we have new opportunities and face new challenges for improving classical warning processes. Based on our experience and research results from two user-centered hydro-meteorological Early Warning Systems (EWS) we present an approach for context-aware alerting that can increase considerably the effectiveness of warning. Furthermore, we introduce an applied evaluation model for the effectiveness of an EWS.
	Address	Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering (ISST), Mollstr. 1, 10178 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Computer Science, FU Berlin, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Early Warning Systems	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	763
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	Author	Jürgen Moßgraber; Fernando Chaves; Stuart E. Middleton; Zlatko Zlatev; Ran Tao
	Title	The seven main challenges of an early warning system architecture			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	322-331
	Keywords	Decision support systems; Information systems; Middleware; Decision supports; Design decisions; Early warning; Early Warning System; Information sources; Simulation systems; System architectures; System-of-systems; Alarm systems
	Abstract	In this paper, we describe the work on the system architecture that is being developed in the EU FP7 project TRIDEC on “Collaborative, Complex and Critical Decision-Support in Evolving Crises”. One of the two decision support use cases in the project deals with Tsunami Early Warning. A modern warning system that follows a system-of-systems approach has to integrate various components and subsystems such as different information sources, services and simulation systems. Furthermore, it has to take into account the distributed and collaborative nature of warning systems. Working on the architecture of such a system, you need to deal with a lot of current computer science and information technology problems as well as state-of-the-art solutions from the areas of Big Data and Human Sensors. In this paper, we present the seven main challenges we needed to solve and describe the necessary design decisions we made to tackle them.
	Address	Fraunhofer IOSB, Germany; University of Southampton IT Innovation Centre, United Kingdom; Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie	Place of Publication	KIT; Baden-Baden	Editor	T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9783923704804	Medium
	Track	Emergency Management Information Systems	Expedition		Conference	10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	790
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	Author	Samuel Otim
	Title	A case-based knowledge management system for disaster management: Fundamental concepts			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	598-604
	Keywords	Decision support systems; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Knowledge acquisition; Knowledge based systems; Case-base reasonings; Case-based knowledge; Casebased reasonings (CBR); Disaster management; Disaster response; Early Warning System; Fundamental concepts; Knowledge management system; Emergency services
	Abstract	Computer-based knowledge management systems are vital for disaster detection, response planning, and management. These systems aid in early warning, and provide decision support for disaster response and recovery management. Managing past knowledge for reuse can expedite the process of disaster response and recovery management. While early warning systems predict some disasters with remarkable accuracy, there is a paucity of knowledge management systems for disaster response and management. This paper outlines a case-based reasoning (CBR) knowledge management system that in effect, is a model of human reasoning since it is based upon the idea that people frequently rely on previous problem-solving experiences when solving new problems. A CBR knowledge management system results in efficient and effective disaster response and management.
	Address	Department of Management, Clemson University, 101 Sirrine Hall, Clemson SC 29634, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	EXPLORING KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN CRISIS RESPONSE	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	821
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	Author	Paola Pagliara; Angela Corina; Alessandro Burastero; Paolo Campanella; Luca Ferraris; Marina Morando; Nicola Rebora; Cosino Versace
	Title	Dewetra, coping with emergencies			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2011	Publication	8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2011
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Flood control; Forecasting; Information systems; Risk assessment; Risk management; Civil protection; Early Warning System; Emergency management; Flood risk management; Integrated systems; ITS applications; Observational data; Risk forecasting; Alarm systems
	Abstract	Dealing with multi-risk assessment needs reliable forecasting and warning systems able both to rapidly make available observational data and to make accessible forecast tools to the Decision Makers. In this paper we present Dewetra, a real-time integrated system for risk forecasting, monitoring and prevention. We provide a description of its features and examples of its operational use at the Italian Prime Minister Office – National Department for Civil Protection- Centro Funzionale Centrale. In particular is presented its application to flood risk management and to wild fire risk management.
	Address	Department of Civil Protection, Rome, Italy; ACROTEC, Savona, Italy; FadeOut Software, Genoa, Italy; CIMA Research Foundation, Savona, Italy
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Lisbon	Editor	M.A. Santos, L. Sousa, E. Portela
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789724922478	Medium
	Track	Early Warning and Alert Systems	Expedition		Conference	8th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	827
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	Author	Douglas C. Pattie; Stefanie Dannenmann
	Title	Evaluation and strengthening of early warning systems in countries affected by the 26 December 2004 Tsunami			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	415-423
	Keywords	Hazards; Information systems; Risk management; Tsunamis; Disaster risk reductions; Early Warning System; Indian ocean regions; Integrated frameworks; Integrated risk management; Preparedness; Project coordination; Tsunami early-warning systems; Alarm systems
	Abstract	The objective of this international initiative was to provide an integrated framework for strengthening early warning systems in the Indian Ocean region by building on existing systems and facilitating coordination among specialized and technical institutions. The project supported the development of tsunami early warning systems in collaboration with numerous United Nations and other organizations devoted to disaster risk management and risk reduction. For the practitioner of early warning systems, the project has been divided into two areas-warning system development and preparedness. As a cross-cutting theme, the project promoted multi-hazard end-to-end systems in a regional context by emphasizing (i) risk knowledge, (ii) monitoring and warning service, (iii) communications and dissemination of understandable warnings and (iv) response capability and preparedness. The activities of the project were structured into five components-system implementation, integrated risk management, public awareness and education, community-level approaches and project coordination. Practitioners should note that the work represents a first step for establishing a complete tsunami early warning system within a multi-hazard framework.
	Address	UN/ISDR Platform for Promotion of Early Warning, UN Campus, Herman-Ehlers Strasse 10, Bonn, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Early Warning Systems	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	832
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	Author	Krispijn Scholte; Leon J.M. Rothkrantz
	Title	Personal warning system for vessels under bad weather conditions			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2014	Publication	ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2014
	Volume		Issue		Pages	359-368
	Keywords	Alarm systems; Automation; Information systems; Meteorology; Waterway transportation; Weather forecasting; Automatic identification system; Bayesian reasoning; Context sensitive; Early Warning System; Maritime surveillance; Ships
	Abstract	Many services provide weather forecasts, including severe weather alerts for the marine. It proves that many ships neglect the warnings because they expect to be able to handle the bad weather conditions. In order to identify possible unsafe situations the Coast Guard needs to observe marine vessel traffic 24 hours, 7 days a week. In this paper we propose a system that is able to support the Coast Guard. Ships can be localized and tracked individually using the Automatic Identification System (AIS). We present a system which is able to send a personal alert to ships expected to be in danger now or the near future. Ships will be monitored in the dangerous hours and routed to safe areas in the shortest time. The system is based on AIS data, probabilistic reasoning and expertise from the Coast Guard. A first prototype will be presented for open waters around the Netherlands.
	Address	Staff Regulations at Royal Netherlands Navy, Netherlands; Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	The Pennsylvania State University	Place of Publication	University Park, PA	Editor	S.R. Hiltz, M.S. Pfaff, L. Plotnick, and P.C. Shih.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780692211946	Medium
	Track	Intelligent Systems	Expedition		Conference	11th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	922
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