| Records |
| Author |
Marion Lara Tan; Oshada Senaweera; Asanka Gunawardana; Mohamed Rasith; Mohamed Suaib; Theepika Shanthakumar; Miznath Hisham |
| Title |
New Zealand COVID Tracer App: Understanding Usage and User Sentiments |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year  |
2023 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the ISCRAM Asia Pacific Conference 2022 |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. ISCRAM AP 2022 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
89-102 |
| Keywords |
Mobile Apps; COVID-19 Response; Sentiment Analysis; User Reviews; App Store Data |
| Abstract |
The NZ COVID Tracer app is a part of Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) Government’s strategy to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper investigates people’s usage and sentiment on the app from its release in May 2020 to the end of 2021. Descriptive analysis of app data and sentiment analysis on user review data were used. The results show that before March 2021, the overall sentiment on the app was negative but gradually improved over time. The passive Bluetooth-tracing feature is utilised more consistently than the anual features. However, the increased proportion of positive sentiments is seen to increase with active app use. Results highlight the consistency of the Bluetooth-tracing feature but do not discredit the importance of manual interaction, as active use can improve the perception of the app. Insights from this study will be helpful as apps adapt to the changing context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. |
| Address |
Massey University; University of Colombo; University of Moratuwa; University of Moratuwa; University of Moratuwa; University of Moratuwa; University of Moratuwa |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Massey Unversity |
Place of Publication |
Palmerston North, New Zealand |
Editor |
Thomas J. Huggins, V.L. |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
978-0-473-66845-7 |
Medium |
|
| Track |
Healthcare During Emergencies and COVID-19 |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2483 |
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| Author |
Dilini Rajapaksha; Kacper Sokol; Jeffrey Chan; Flora Salim; Mukesh Prasad; Mahendra Samarawickrama |
| Title |
Analysing Donors’ Behaviour in Non-profit Organisations for Disaster Resilience |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the ISCRAM Asia Pacific Conference 2022 |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. ISCRAM AP 2022 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
258-267 |
| Keywords |
Disaster Response; Social Media; Donors’ Behaviour; Australian Bushfires |
| Abstract |
With the advancement and proliferation of technology, non-profit organisations have embraced social media platforms to improve their operational capabilities through brand advocacy, among many other strategies. The effect of such social media campaigns on these institutions, however, remains largely underexplored, especially during disaster periods. This work introduces and applies a quantitative investigative framework to understand how social media influence the behaviour of donors and their usage of these platforms throughout (natural) disasters. More specifically, we explore how on-line engagement – as captured by Facebook interactions and Google search trends – corresponds to the donors’ behaviour during the catastrophic 2019–2020 Australian bushfire season. To discover this relationship, we analyse the record of donations made to the Australian Red Cross throughout this period. Our exploratory study reveals that social media campaigns are effective in encouraging on-line donations made via a dedicated website. We also compare this mode of giving to more regular, direct deposit gifting. |
| Address |
RMIT University; RMIT University; RMIT University; UNSW Sydney; University of Technology Sydney; Australian Red Cross |
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
Massey Unversity |
Place of Publication |
Palmerston North, New Zealand |
Editor |
Thomas J. Huggins, V.L. |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
978-0-473-66845-7 |
Medium |
|
| Track |
Social Media for Disaster Response |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2499 |
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| Author |
Tikka, M.; Ahsanullah, R.; Varanasi, U.; Härmä, V.; Sawhney, N.; Leinonen, T. |
| Title |
Contextual Inquiry of Affordances for Collaboration in Crisis: Lessons from the Finnish Context |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2023 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
33-42 |
| Keywords |
Crisis Response; Ict’S; Collaborative Sensemaking; Multi-Actor; Digital Tools |
| Abstract |
The COVID-19 pandemic followed by the energy crisis in Europe demonstrates how complex crises can be. Being embedded in a digital media environment and global interdependencies, complex crises elude straightforward interpretations and explanations. Nonetheless, crises require fast and coordinated response from multiple public authorities. In recent years, advances in computational methods and information technology have influenced the field of crisis and disaster management, and diverse technical approaches have been developed to enhance authorities’ response to crises. Drawing on a relational approach to crises, we investigate the socio-technical affordances emerging in Finland to facilitate multi-actor collaboration in crises. Based on our analysis, we argue that contemporary practices and technologies do not match with the complexity of recent crises. Taken together, we consider the role of digital technologies and socio-technical practices to better support multi-actor sensemaking and collaboration in future crises. |
| Address |
Aalto University; Aalto University; Aalto University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL); Aalto University; Aalto University |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
University of Nebraska at Omaha |
Place of Publication |
Omaha, USA |
Editor |
Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
Hosssein Baharmand |
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
1 |
| ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Track |
Usability and Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/FCIG6875 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2504 |
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| Author |
Balogh, Z.; Gatial, E.; Dolatabadi, S.H.; Dlugolinský, Štefan; Saltarella, M.; Scipioni, M.P.; Grunwald, D.; Przybyszewski, M.P.; Majlingova, A.; Brodrechtova, Y.; Mojir, K.Y.; Olson, N.; Levak, J.; Chandramouli, K. |
| Title |
Communication Protocol for using Nontraditional Information Sources between First Responders and Citizens during Wildfires |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2023 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
152-165 |
| Keywords |
Communication Protocol; Wildfires; Forest Fires; Drones; Mesh in the Sky; Emergency Response; First Responders |
| Abstract |
One of the biggest challenges faced during the wildfires is communication. A specific case represents the need to establish communication between first responders and the public. This paper presents a proposal for a generic protocol to ensure effective communication between fire fighters and many citizens at the incident site or in the surrounding area using nontraditional information sources such as a dedicated mobile app or social media. Specific challenges, concepts and technologies relevant to such communication are described specifically customized for forest fires and wildfires. The protocol itself is provided by proposing information flows between the involved actors. Moreover, several technologies including a Citizen Engagement Mobile App, an Edge Micro Data Center for forward command centers, a Mesh in the Sky communication infrastructure or a Dashboard integrating and displaying all the data in one place is shortly introduced. The presented paper is a work in progress. |
| Address |
Institute of Informatics, Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava; Fincons SpA; ITTI Sp. z o.o.; Technical University in Zvolen; Swedish School of Library and Information Science, University of Borås; RiniGARD; Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom |
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
University of Nebraska at Omaha |
Place of Publication |
Omaha, USA |
Editor |
Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
Hosssein Baharmand |
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
1 |
| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
979-8-218-21749-5 |
Medium |
|
| Track |
Technologies for First Responders |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/YIJK9098 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2514 |
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| Author |
Stensrud, R.; Valaker, S. |
| Title |
Methods to meet changes in the security environment a proposal of qualitative and quantitative assessment attributes for coordination performance |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2023 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
676-691 |
| Keywords |
Modelling And Simulation; Multiteam Systems; Control Theory; Emergency Response |
| Abstract |
The use of methods to inform changes of command and control has long been important, in particular through empirical surveys and computational simulation. In this article, we focus on a particular type of control: “bump less” time-shift of authority during emergency response where it is not desirable to interrupt task resolution (Dess et al.,1984). As an example we address a particular type of control in a sociotechnical use case, i.e. ensuring coordinated action among human and non-human entities, and specifically use as a case shift of who ensures coordinated action when what entities are participating fluctuate over time, yet there is a need to sustain coordination (e.g. due to criticality of sustained performance). We do some work to detail a sociotechnical control mechanism and we present methods for examining the influence such control may have on performing both planned, prescribed, organizational task work as well as dynamic, non-prescribed tasks (Stanton et al., 2018). We argue that measures of high fidelity, with high specificity, defined before task resolution (feedforward) may be particularly important in prescribed change due to the possibility to define clear goals for coordinating and detailing who holds coordination authority. For dynamic change, on the other hand supporting technology that enable a sensing and processing of feedback the number of agents/entities undergoing change is not predetermined and the change of who is best suited to coordinate authority is less clear. Our theorizing is illustrated by using traditional linear control theory emulating shift of control nuanced by an emergency use case. In conclusion, we suggest future directions for research as well as practical implications. |
| Address |
Norwegian Defence Research Establishment; Norwegian Defence Research Establishment |
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
University of Nebraska at Omaha |
Place of Publication |
Omaha, USA |
Editor |
Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
Hosssein Baharmand |
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
1 |
| ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Track |
Command and Control Studies |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/OQYD8914 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2556 |
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| Author |
Björnqvist, A.; Brodin, W.; Friberg, M.; Berggren, P. |
| Title |
Identifying Teamwork Processes in a Medical Command and Control Team During the COVID-19 Pandemic |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2023 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
711-720 |
| Keywords |
Teamwork; COVID-19; Crisis Response; Command and Control; Healthcare |
| Abstract |
This paper presents an ethnographic study consisting of non-participatory observations of a Swedish regional medical command and control team during their crisis response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The field-notes from the observations were analyzed using a deductive content analysis with categories representing teamwork processes. The content analysis showed that the studied regional medical command and control team was engaged in all but one of the predefined teamwork processes. Furthermore, the content analysis also added to the understanding of the regional medical command and control team’s work procedures by emphasizing how the team was engaged in the different processes. Lastly, the content analysis also made it possible to identify potential developmental needs of the studied regional medical command and control team. |
| Address |
Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University; Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University; Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University; Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University; |
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
University of Nebraska at Omaha |
Place of Publication |
Omaha, USA |
Editor |
Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
Hosssein Baharmand |
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
1 |
| ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Track |
Command and Control Studies |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/NXFA1134 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2559 |
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| Author |
Alkusaibati, W.; Pilemalm, S. |
| Title |
Digitalized Co-production and Volunteerism in Emergency Response: a Literature Review |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2023 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
738-750 |
| Keywords |
Digital; Co-Production; Volunteers; Emergency Response; Crisis Response |
| Abstract |
ICT-enabled or digitalized co-production of public services has become increasingly relevant to emergency response and crisis management. This study provides a literature review on this phenomenon, exploring both large-scale crises and frequent emergencies. We found that research in the domain is scarce and focuses mainly on the phenomenon in terms of digital volunteerism. In large-scale crises, they mostly refer to spontaneous forms of volunteering, and in smaller emergencies, to more organized volunteers that collaborate with a response organization over time. Similarities to digitalized co-production in the public sector generally include financial, administrative, ICT, and demographic factors. Differences include, e.g., aspects of coordination, support, and processing by formal actors. We argue that there are benefits of adding a theoretical co-production perspective to digital volunteerism in emergency response and that our literature review can guide future research on models and (the double) use of volunteers in both kinds of emergencies. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
University of Nebraska at Omaha |
Place of Publication |
Omaha, USA |
Editor |
Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
Hosssein Baharmand |
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
1 |
| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
979-8-218-21749-5 |
Medium |
|
| Track |
Volunteers in Crisis Management/Emergency Response |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/ARQO2281 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2562 |
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| Author |
Cossentino, M.; Guastella, D.A.; Lopes, S.; Sabatucci, L. |
| Title |
Adaptive Execution of Workflows in Emergency Response |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2023 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
784-796 |
| Keywords |
Emergency Management; Disaster Response; Adaptive Workflow Execution; Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) |
| Abstract |
In emergencies, preparation is of paramount importance but it is not sufficient. As we know, emergency agencies develop extensive (text) plans to deal with accidents that could occur in their territories; their personnel train to enact such procedures, but, despite that, the unpredictable conditions that occur during an emergency require the ability to adapt the plan promptly. This paper deals with the last mile of a process we defined for enabling the adaptive execution of such emergency plans. In previous works, we discussed how to convert a free-text plan into a structured-text form, represent this plan using standard modelling notations, and extract goals that plans prescribe to be fulfilled. In this paper, we propose an approach for executing these plans with a workflow execution engine enriched by the capability to support runtime adaptation. |
| Address |
National Research Council of Italy (CNR); Machine Learning Group Université Libre de Bruxelles; National Research Council of Italy (CNR); National Research Council of Italy (CNR) |
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
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| Publisher |
University of Nebraska at Omaha |
Place of Publication |
Omaha, USA |
Editor |
Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
Hosssein Baharmand |
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
1 |
| ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Track |
Applications, Tools, and Components for Crisis Management |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/ZOZS6664 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2566 |
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| Author |
Harrasi, A.A.; Grispos, G.; Gandhi, R. |
| Title |
Using Cybersecurity Testbeds to Evaluate (In)Secure Structural Health Monitoring Systems |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2023 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
902-908 |
| Keywords |
Cybersecurity; Structural Health Monitoring Systems; Incident Response; Testbed |
| Abstract |
An increasing amount of technology is being integrated into bridges and other structures, such as dams and buildings, to proactively look for signs of deterioration or damage. These technologies are collectively known as structural health monitoring systems. While the benefits of integrating this technology are attractive, this integration is also creating an environment that is conducive to security vulnerabilities. While previous research has focused on the broader cybersecurity challenges associated with structural health monitoring systems, limited guidance is available for identifying specific security vulnerabilities in these systems and their implications for responding to security incidents. Hence, this paper presents CYBRBridge, a cybersecurity testbed that provides a sacrificial environment to assist in identifying and exploring vulnerabilities associated with structural health monitoring systems. This paper reports ongoing research efforts to develop the CYBRBridge testbed and initial results identifying vulnerabilities within the wireless components of a commercial structural health monitoring system |
| Address |
University of Nebraska at Omaha; University of Nebraska at Omaha; University of Nebraska at Omaha |
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
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| Publisher |
University of Nebraska at Omaha |
Place of Publication |
Omaha, USA |
Editor |
Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
Hosssein Baharmand |
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
1 |
| ISSN |
|
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Track |
Cybersecurity and Emergency Management |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/CPXU9228 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2574 |
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| Author |
Dunn, M.M. |
| Title |
Aphorme: An Intralingual Translation Tool for Emergency Management and Disaster Response |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2023 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
1033-1041 |
| Keywords |
Crisis Communication; Intralingual Translation; Humanitarian Technologies; Disaster Response Tools; Linguistic Vulnerability |
| Abstract |
While multilingual translation needs (from one or more language(s) to one or more others) in disaster events are a “perennial issue” among responders in crisis-affected communities (Crowley & Chan, 2011) and calls are being made to consider the access to (and translation of) information during crisis a human right (Greenwood et al., 2017), the literature that deals with intralingual translation in disaster is limited in places where it should thrive, such as crisis communication, translation studies, and rhetoric. Intralingual translation is of increasing relevance in disaster not only because of potential variability in literacy levels among those affected (O’Brien, 2020) but because responding to/planning for disaster requires an understanding of the ‘operational’ terms used (but not always shared) by other responding agencies in the field. This paper calls for increased attention to intralingual translation needs in disaster and introduces a translation technology (“Aphorme”) designed to mitigate those needs. |
| Address |
St. John’s University |
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
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| Publisher |
University of Nebraska at Omaha |
Place of Publication |
Omaha, USA |
Editor |
Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
Hosssein Baharmand |
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
1 |
| ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Track |
Open Track |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/DMPF5111 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2585 |
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| Author |
Tobias Andersson Granberg; Sara Erlander; David Fredman; Lovisa Olovsson; Emma Persson |
| Title |
Predicting Volunteer Travel Time to Emergencies |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2022 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
44-54 |
| Keywords |
Travel time modelling; Lay responder dispatch; Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; Decision support; First response; Volunteer responders |
| Abstract |
A model is developed, which can predict the travel time for volunteers that are dispatched as first responders to emergencies. Specifically, the case of lay responders to out of hospital cardiac arrest is studied. Positions from historical responses is used to estimate the real response times, which are used to train and evaluate the new travel time model. The new model considers the road network and the transport mode most likely used by the volunteers. The results for the new model are compared to a model used in an existing volunteer initiative. They show that the new model can make better predictions in 59.7% of the cases. This can be used directly as a base for improving the travel time estimates in existing volunteer initiatives, and to improve the input data to the continuously evolving volunteer resource management systems. |
| Address |
Linköping University |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Tarbes, France |
Editor |
Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
978-82-8427-099-9 |
Medium |
|
| Track |
Analytic Modeling and Simulation |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2398 |
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| Author |
Massimo Cossentino; Davide; rea Guastella; Salvatore Lopes; Luca Sabatucci; Mario Tripiciano |
| Title |
From Textual Emergency Procedures to Executable Plans |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2022 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
200-212 |
| Keywords |
Emergency management; Disaster response; Modelling Notation |
| Abstract |
Crisis response and management often involve joint actions among different actors. This is particularly true in cross border cooperation, i.e. when actors belong to different countries. This is the operative context of the NETTUNIT research project, which long-term objective is to provide automatic support to emergency management. Modelling emergency plans is challenging because they are usually written in free-form text, thus in a form that is very far from being automatically processed and executed. In other words, it is non-trivial to define workflows capable of managing and monitoring emergency plans. To complicate the problem, typically an emergency evolves in a highly dynamic environment, so there is the need for run-time adaptation. In this paper, we propose a roadmap for producing executable workflows from emergency free-text plans. We set up our current progress in the project and focus on the sub-problem of identifying a suitable modelling notation. We also propose two improvements with respect to the state of the art: 1) a specific diagram focusing on events, roles and responsibilities in a goal-oriented fashion; 2) some guidelines for depicting the emergency plan at hand with a modelling notation. |
| Address |
Italian National Research Council; Italian National Research Council; Italian National Research Council; Italian National Research Council; Italian National Research Council |
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Tarbes, France |
Editor |
Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
978-82-8427-099-9 |
Medium |
|
| Track |
Applications, Tools and Components for Crisis Management |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2410 |
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| Author |
Tobias Hellmund; Manfred Schenk; Jürgen Moßgraber; Hans Springer; Reuter Jürgen; Philipp Hertweck |
| Title |
ELD-BS: The Digital Situation Dashboard for Baden-Württemberg |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2022 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
233-240 |
| Keywords |
Crisis Management Software; Disaster Information Exchange; Information Tools in Emergency Response |
| Abstract |
This paper presents the Elektronische Lagedarstellung für den Bevölkerungsschutz (ELD-BS, engl. Electronic Situation Dashboard for civil protection), a software suite for managing crisis relevant information in the German federal state Baden-Württemberg. ELD-BS serves as an easy-to-use and functional tool to support administration work in larger operational situations and in the event of a disaster. The ELD-BS supports communication and data exchange between the authorized access points in the event of an incident, yet it does not replace the formal reporting channels and the communication between the units involved in the operation. ELD-BS is conceptually intended for the overarching use of the administrative levels and particularly allows the exchange of information between the administrative authorities in large-scale operations. The software suite comprises 4 applications, which are accessible from the web and offer different functionalities during crisis response. This paper introduces the individual components and their interaction. |
| Address |
Fraunhofer IOSB; Fraunhofer IOSB; Fraunhofer IOSB; Fraunhofer IOSB; Fraunhofer IOSB; Ministry of Interior, Digitization, and Migration Baden-Württemberg |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Tarbes, France |
Editor |
Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
978-82-8427-099-9 |
Medium |
|
| Track |
Applications, Tools and Components for Crisis Management |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2413 |
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| Author |
Koki Asami; Shono Fujita; Kei Hiroi; Michinori Hatayama |
| Title |
Data Augmentation with Synthesized Damaged Roof Images Generated by GAN |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2022 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
256-265 |
| Keywords |
disaster response; generative adversarial networks; data augmentation; damage classification |
| Abstract |
The lack of availability of large and diverse labeled datasets is one of the most critical issues in the use of machine learning in disaster prevention. Natural disasters are rare occurrences, which makes it difficult to collect sufficient disaster data for training machine learning models. The imbalance between disaster and non-disaster data affects the performance of machine learning algorithms. This study proposes a generative adversarial network (GAN)- based data augmentation, which generates realistic synthesized disaster data to expand the disaster dataset. The effect of the proposed augmentation was validated in the roof damage rate classification task, which improved the recall score by 11.4% on average for classes with small raw data and a high ratio of conventional augmentations such as rotation of image, and the overall recall score improved by 3.9%. |
| Address |
Kyoto University; Kyoto University; Kyoto University; Kyoto University |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Tarbes, France |
Editor |
Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
978-82-8427-099-9 |
Medium |
|
| Track |
AI and Intelligent Systems for Crises and Risks |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2415 |
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| Author |
Cendrella Chahine; François Peres; Thierry Vidal; Mohamad El Falou |
| Title |
Functional and Dysfunctional Modelling and Assessment of an Emergency Response Plan |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2022 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
363-375 |
| Keywords |
Crisis management; risk analysis; FMECA; BPMN; emergency response plan |
| Abstract |
The objective of crisis management is to limit the impact of a feared event that has occurred and to restore the conditions corresponding to a nominal situation. In this context, we will focus on emergency response plans for mass casualty crises. In this paper, we propose a functional modelling of the French generic emergency plan, ORSEC plan, using the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). On the basis of this representation, a dysfunctional analysis is performed from a new approach identifying Failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA), in order to better anticipate, the events likely to interrupt the intervention plan. This work will then be used in a multi-agent dynamic planning and scheduling model to allow an actor to choose among the dynamic planning approaches the one that allows him/her to reach his/her goal. |
| Address |
ULF Liban/LGP-ENIT |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Tarbes, France |
Editor |
Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
978-82-8427-099-9 |
Medium |
|
| Track |
Command and Control Studies |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2424 |
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| Author |
Viktor Sköld Gustafsson; Tobias Andersson Granberg; Sofie Pilemalm; Martin Waldemarsson |
| Title |
Managing Natural Hazards in Sweden – Needs for Improved Information and Decision Support Systems |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2022 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
376-384 |
| Keywords |
Emergency response; extreme weather events; command and control; needs analysis |
| Abstract |
This paper explores opportunities for information systems to support emergency response to multiple natural hazards. Interviews were conducted with 12 representatives from actors of the Swedish emergency response system about response to multiple natural hazards. Challenges and needs connected to five themes influencing the response effort were identified: Cooperation, Resource management, Command and control, Common operational picture, and Risk management. The results illuminate a lack of technology to support decisions and analyses during emergency response to both single and multiple natural hazards. Based on this, the paper suggests and discusses information systems and decision support tools to assist in satisfying the identified needs. The findings can inform policy makers in emergency response of where to concentrate the development of collaborative preparedness and response work, and the scientific community of future research directions. |
| Address |
Linköping University; University of Agder |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Tarbes, France |
Editor |
Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
978-82-8427-099-9 |
Medium |
|
| Track |
Command and Control Studies |
Expedition |
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Conference |
|
| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2425 |
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| Author |
Tim-Jonathan Huyeng; Timo Bittner; Uwe Rüppel |
| Title |
Examining the Feasibility of LoRa-based Monitoring in Large-scale Disaster Response Scenarios |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2022 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
541-550 |
| Keywords |
LoRa; LPWAN; disaster response; sensor technology; monitoring |
| Abstract |
Following a natural disaster or other large-scale events which require emergency response assessing and monitoring the situation at hand is of critical importance. However, some infrastructure that is often relied upon such as cellular service or the power grid might be temporarily disrupted or entirely unavailable. In order to be able to still transmit relevant monitoring data gathered from sensors, the use of a low-cost LPWAN with LoRa modulation technique is suggested in the approach presented here. Combined with an analysis of disaster response in Germany the relevant aspects are consolidated in a concept utilizing LoRaWAN with a ChirpStack backend that is easy to set up and entirely independent of external infrastructure. The proposed addition which aims to support disaster control management in Germany is then tested in conjunction with a fictional flooding scenario where an area is monitored with autarkic sensors using LoRaWAN technology. |
| Address |
Technische Universität Darmstadt; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Technische Universität Darmstadt |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Tarbes, France |
Editor |
Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
978-82-8427-099-9 |
Medium |
|
| Track |
Geospatial Technologies and Geographic Information Science for Crisis Management (GIS) |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2438 |
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| Author |
Hafiz Budi Firmansyah; Jesus Cerquides; Jose Luis Fernandez-Marquez |
| Title |
Ensemble Learning for the Classification of Social Media Data in Disaster Response |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2022 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
710-718 |
| Keywords |
Ensemble learning; image classification; social media; disaster response |
| Abstract |
Social media generates large amounts of almost real-time data which has proven valuable in disaster response. Specially for providing information within the first 48 hours after a disaster occurs. However, this potential is poorly exploited in operational environments due to the challenges of curating social media data. This work builds on top of the latest research on automatic classification of social media content, proposing the use of ensemble learning to help in the classification of social media images for disaster response. Ensemble methods use multiple learning algorithms to obtain better predictive performance than could be obtained from any of the constituent learning algorithms alone. Experimental results show that ensemble learning is a valuable technology for the analysis of social media images for disaster response,and could potentially ease the integration of social media data within an operational environment. |
| Address |
Citizen Cyberlab, CUI, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Citizen Cyberlab, CUI, University of Geneva, Switzerland; IIIA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Tarbes, France |
Editor |
Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
978-82-8427-099-9 |
Medium |
|
| Track |
Social Media for Crisis Management |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2450 |
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| Author |
Thomas Theodoridis; George Katsikas; Nicholas Vretos; Petros Daras |
| Title |
A Symbiotic Orchestration Module for Multi-agent Collaboration in Disaster Response Scenarios |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2022 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
771-780 |
| Keywords |
Symbiotic controller; multi-robot collaboration; first responders; disaster response |
| Abstract |
This paper presents the Symbiotic Orchestration Module, which facilitates the collaboration of smart agents in disaster response scenarios. By effectively orchestrating the actions of different agents in critical situations towards a common goal, it enhances the individual capabilities of the agents and unlocks new possibilities that are not available when agents act isolated. To achieve this, the Symbiotic Orchestration Module is composed of four sub-modules: a) the Mission Controller, which is responsible for keeping track of ongoing missions, agent allocations and for handling non-collaborative missions, b) the Symbiotic Operation Control Module, which handles collaborative missions proposed by the system, c) the Task Allocation Module, which automatically assigns available robots to incoming missions based on robot capabilities and mission requirements, and d) the Task Recognition and Optimal Sequencing Module, which is responsible for recognizing opportunities for agent collaboration and for system-wide goal optimization. |
| Address |
Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece; Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece; Information Technologies |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Tarbes, France |
Editor |
Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
978-82-8427-099-9 |
Medium |
|
| Track |
Technologies for First Responders |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2454 |
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| Author |
Sofie Pilemalm |
| Title |
Barriers to Digitalized Co-production: the Case of Volunteer First Responders |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2022 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
782-790 |
| Keywords |
digitalization; co-production; ICT; volunteers; emergency response |
| Abstract |
Information and communication technology (ICT) and digitalization are often seen as enablers of co-production. But if its potential is not implemented, technology will rather act as a barrier. In Sweden, new types of “hybrid” co-production initiatives that engage civil citizen volunteers as first responders emerged a decade ago. Even though the benefits are recognized, the initiatives’ expansion are hampered by the ICT solutions. In this study, we explore why, by comparing the perspectives of national authorities, needs-owners, suppliers, and end-users. We describe the barriers, e.g., insufficient geofencing, to develop ICT for various mobile platforms, unavailability of a joint API, competitiveness and double roles among stakeholders, and ICT costs. We suggest how to address the barriers and argue that digitalized co-production of the type presented will likely increase. Here our study can contribute to the successive accumulation of knowledge. |
| Address |
Department of Science and Technology, Linköping university, Department of Information Systems, University of Agder |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Tarbes, France |
Editor |
Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
978-82-8427-099-9 |
Medium |
|
| Track |
Technologies for First Responders |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2455 |
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| Author |
Katelynn Kapalo; Kevin Pfeil; Joseph Bonnell; Joseph LaViola |
| Title |
Evaluating the Impact of 2D vs. 3D Building Plans for Fireground Incident Command Decision-Making |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2022 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
824-835 |
| Keywords |
Emergency response; firefighting; building construction; virtual reality; human-computer interaction; pre-incident planning |
| Abstract |
Building construction and building layout represent two key critical pieces of information for a fire suppression operation. However, fireground incident commanders (FGCs) frequently do not have access to critical, updated information about a structure, including details that could potentially support more effective response. This gap in the information pipeline has led to significant injuries and fatalities for both civilians and first responders. Towards this end, this paper focuses on evaluating the efficacy of a user interface prototype for supporting decision-making during a simulated commercial structure fire. Sixty-four firefighters (n = 64) from North America participated in this study. Overall, there were no statistical differences in the performance of the firefighters between the two experimental conditions (2D vs. 3D). This study provides preliminary support for the use of 3D models in pre-incident planning practices. More importantly, this initial data serves as a baseline for the development of evidence-based standards for displaying pre-incident planning information to FGCs digitally. |
| Address |
University of Nebraska at Omaha; University of Central Florida; Phoenix Fire Department; University of Central Florida |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Tarbes, France |
Editor |
Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
978-82-8427-099-9 |
Medium |
|
| Track |
Usability and Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2458 |
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| Author |
Rob Grace; Michelle Potts |
| Title |
Opportunities for Multisensor Integration in Public-Safety Answering Points |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2022 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
895-904 |
| Keywords |
Emergency response; sensemaking; public safety; remote sensing; emergency management |
| Abstract |
Public-Safety Answering Points (PSAPs) coordinate emergency response by gathering critical information from 911 callers for dispatch to first responders. However, PSAPs fail to gather this information if 911 callers are unable, unwilling, or unavailable to report key details about an emergency. To address this problem, early-adopter PSAPs employ communication specialists to gather multimedia information from multiple sensing tools, including automated alarms, cameras, government databases, location systems, open-source websites, social media, and alternative communication channels such as text-to-911. Using preliminary usage data from an early- adopter PSAP, this study identifies 11 breakdowns in 911 call taking that create opportunities for multisensor integration. This study then characterizes use cases for multisensor tools based on usage patterns observed across five incident types. These findings highlight multisensor integration as a critical area for crisis informatics research. |
| Address |
Texas Tech University; Chandler Police Department |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Tarbes, France |
Editor |
Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
978-82-8427-099-9 |
Medium |
|
| Track |
Visions for Future Crisis Management |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2464 |
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| Author |
Jelle Groenendaal; Ira Helsloot; Christian Reuter |
| Title |
Towards More Insight into Cyber Incident Response Decision Making and its Implications for Cyber Crisis Management |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2022 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
1025-1036 |
| Keywords |
Cyber Incident Response; Cyber Crisis Management; Naturalistic Decision-making |
| Abstract |
Organizations affected by a cyber-attack usually rely on external Cyber Incident Response (CIR) consultants to conduct investigations and mitigate the impact. These CIR consultants need to make critical decisions that could have major impact on their clients. This preliminary investigation aims to get a better understanding of CIR decision -making and answers the following questions: (1.) To what extent do experienced CIR consultants use a Recognition-Primed Decision (RPD) Making strategy during their work? (2.) What are the implications for cyber crisis management as well as for training and decision -making? To answer these questions, we conducted a literature review and interviewed six experienced CIR consultants using the Critical Decision Method. Our analysis reveals that CIR consultants recognize situations based on past experiences and apply a course of action that has worked effectively in the past. This course of action is mainly aimed at collecting and evaluating more data. This finding differs from other operational domains, such as the military and fire department, where recognition is usually followed immediately by action. For cyber crisis management, this means that crisis management teams should decide to what extent and in what ways they want to mitigate the risk of responding belatedly to cyber events, which could potentially lead to unnecessary data theft and sustained business disruption. Another implication is that crisis management teams should consider whether additional forensic investigations outweigh the expected benefits throughout the response process. For instance, if the likely entry-point of the attacker has been discovered, how much effort should be devoted to exclude other potential entry-points. Reflecting on the status-quo, several implications for training and decision making are provided. |
| Address |
Crisislab, The Netherlands; Science and Technology for Peace and Security (PEASEC), TU Darmstadt |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Tarbes, France |
Editor |
Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
978-82-8427-099-9 |
Medium |
|
| Track |
Open Track |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2468 |
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| Author |
Julian Zobel; Patrick Lieser; Tobias Meuser; Lars Baumgärtner; Mira Mezini; Ralf Steinmetz |
| Title |
Modeling Civilian Mobility in Large-Scale Disasters |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2021 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
119-132 |
| Keywords |
Civilian disaster communication, Delay-Tolerant Networks, Human mobility, Mobility models, Disaster response, Simulation |
| Abstract |
When disasters destroy critical communication infrastructure, smartphone-based Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) can provide basic communication for civilians. Although field tests have shown the practicability of such systems, real-world experiments are expensive and hardly repeatable. Simulations are therefore required for the design and extensive evaluation of novel DTN protocols, but meaningful assertions require realistic mobility models for civilians. In this paper, trace files from a large-scale disaster field test are analyzed to identify typical human behavior patterns in a disaster area. Based on this, we derive a novel civilian disaster mobility model that incorporates identified behaviors such as group-based movement and clustering around points-of-interests such as hospitals and shelters. We evaluate the impact of mobility on DTN communication performance by comparing our model with other established mobility models as well as the trace file dataset in a simulative evaluation based on the field test scenario. In general, our mobility model leads to a more realistic assessment of DTN communication performance compared to other mobility models. |
| Address |
Technical University of Darmstadt; Technical University of Darmstadt; Technical University of Darmstadt; Technical University of Darmstadt; Technical University of Darmstadt; Technical University of Darmstadt |
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
Virginia Tech |
Place of Publication |
Blacksburg, VA (USA) |
Editor |
Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
978-1-949373-61-5 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Track |
Analytical Modeling and Simulation |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
| Notes |
julian.zobel@kom.tu-darmstadt.de |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2319 |
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| Author |
Kees Boersma; Robert Larruina |
| Title |
Restoring the Medical Supply Chain from Below: The Role of Social Entrepreneurship in the Production of Face Masks during the Covid-19 Crisis |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iscram 2021 |
| Volume |
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Issue |
|
Pages |
260-269 |
| Keywords |
COVID-19 crisis response, supply chain, personal protection equipment, face masks, social entrepreneurship, resilience |
| Abstract |
The COVID-19 pandemic hit societies all over the world deeply. Since it has affected societies worldwide and compromised socio-technical systems across geographical, judicial and administrative borders it can be considered a cross-border, transboundary crisis. This dimension has exposed the global medical supply chain's vulnerability. Due to its 'lean and mean' characteristics the supply chain was unable to function adequately during the crisis and formal authorities struggled to restore it, causing serious problems in the response to the pandemic. At the same time, numerous initiatives from below tried to give a (partial) answer on how to restore the broken supply chain. This paper presents a case study about a Dutch social enterprise (i.e. the Refugee Company) engaged with the cross-border dimension of the COVID-19 crisis. The Refugee Company set up a supply chain, operation and (domestic) production of personal protection equipment (PPE) materials, in particular face masks. The paper draws on data collected through qualitative methods, including document analysis (secondary sources), interviews and observations. The conclusion is that social entrepreneurs and enterprises played a crucial role in restoring the supply chain. The paper provides valuable lessons for both policy makers and crisis managers: there is great potential in recognizing the entrepreneurial activities from below in strengthening supply chains at times of crisis, potentially making them more sustainable and resilient. |
| Address |
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Virginia Tech |
Place of Publication |
Blacksburg, VA (USA) |
Editor |
Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
978-1-949373-61-5 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Track |
Cross-Border & Transboundary Resilience |
Expedition |
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Conference |
18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
| Notes |
f.k.boersma@vu.nl |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ISCRAM @ idladmin @ |
Serial |
2331 |
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