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	Author	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel (eds)
	Title	18th ISCRAM Conference Proceedings			Type	Conference Volume
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	The theme of ISCRAM 2021 is ?Embracing the Interdisciplinary Nature of Crisis Management.? These proceedings highlight the range of interdisciplinary research required to understand the design, behavior, and performance of crisis and emergency management systems. We are pleased to present the included papers, which offer excellent contributions on a wide range of topics related to the use of information systems in crisis response and management.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-1-949373-61-5	Medium
	Track	Proceedings	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2396
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	Author	Bruna Diirr; Vânia de Oliveira Neves; Marcus Vinícius Vasconcelos de Almeida Cunha; Ana Beatriz Kapps dos Reis; Jairo Francisco de Souza
	Title	Software Requirements for Disaster Management Systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1042-1054
	Keywords	Software Requirements, Systematic Literature Mapping, Repository Mining, Disaster Management Systems
	Abstract	Disasters are a major global problem and a serious threat to sustainable development. In this context, the development of disaster management systems becomes a complex activity, both due to the unpredictability of the events to be treated and the difficulty in extracting or identifying these systems users' needs (requirements). This study aims to understand the requirements usually elicited for disaster management systems and how such requirements are identified. Thus, a systematic mapping of literature (SM) and an open-source repository mining (RM) were performed. Results bring benefits both to academics and practitioners, as detail several characteristics of disaster management systems that could assist these systems development and decision-making, besides providing inputs to guide further research.
	Address	Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Federal University of Juiz de Fora
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Other	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	bruna.diirr@uniriotec.br			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2395
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	Author	Ylenia Casali; Nazli Yonca Aydin; Tina Comes
	Title	Zooming into Socio-economic Inequalities: Using Urban Analytics to Track Vulnerabilities – A Case Study of Helsinki			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1028-1041
	Keywords	inequality, socio-economic patterns, vulnerability, PCA, GIS, urban analytics, Helsinki
	Abstract	The Covid19 crisis has highlighted once more that socio-economic inequalities are a main driver of vulnerability. Especially in densely populated urban areas, however, these inequalities can drastically change even within neighbourhoods. To better prepare for urban crises, more granular techniques are needed to assess these vulnerabilities, and identify the main drivers that exacerbate inequality. Machine learning techniques enable us to extract this information from spatially geo-located datasets. In this paper, we present a prototypical study on how Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to analyse the distribution of labour and residential characteristics in the urban area of Helsinki, Finland. The main goals are twofold: 1) identify patterns of socio-economic activities, and 2) study spatial inequalities. Our analyses use a grid of 250x250 meters that covers the whole city of Helsinki, thereby providing a higher granularity than the neighbourhood-scale. The study yields four main findings. First, the descriptive statistical analysis detects inequalities in the labour and residential distributions. Second, relationships between the socio-economic variables exist in the geographic space. Third, the first two Principal Components (PCs) can extract most of the information about the socio-economic dataset. Fourth, the spatial analyses of the PCs identify differences between the Eastern and Western areas of Helsinki, which persist since the 1990s. Future studies will include further datasets related to the distribution of urban services and socio-technical indicators.
	Address	TU Delft; TU Delft; TU Delft
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Other	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	Y.Casali@tudelft.nl			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2394
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	Author	Haya Aldossary; Graham Coates
	Title	Multi-objective Optimization for Coordinating Emergency Resources in Multiple Mass Casualty Incidents			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1015-1027
	Keywords	Co-ordination, Neighborhood Search Algorithm, Optimization, Scheduling
	Abstract	Effective co-ordination between resource-constrained emergency services during multiple mass casualty incidents (MCIs) plays a significant role in the response phase. In such a case, the co-ordination problem needs to be solved, namely the allocation of responders-to-incidents, responders-to-casualties, vehicles to travel to casualties at incidents and transport casualties to hospitals, and task assignment to responders and vehicles. A Neighborhood Search Algorithm (NSA) is employed to solve the co-ordination problem with the aim of reducing the suffering of casualties, with varying injuries and health classifications. An application of the NSA is enabled using a hypothetical case study of MCIs including three scenarios in a major urban area of the UK. The experiments conducted show the effectiveness of using different approaches to generate an initial response plan, and the performance of the NSA in developing a final optimized plan.
	Address	Newcastle University; Newcastle University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Other	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	h.aldossary2@newcastle.ac.uk			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2393
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	Author	Tobias Hellmund; Jürgen Moßgraber; Manfred Schenk; Philipp Hertweck; Hylke van der Schaaf; Hans Springer
	Title	The Design and Implementation of ZEUS: Novel Support in Managing Large-Scale Evacuations			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1003-1014
	Keywords	Management of Large-Scale Evacuations, Emergency Accommodation Management, Evacuation Management
	Abstract	This paper introduces ZEUS, a novel software tool for the management of large-scale evacuations. The tasks ZEUS supports were derived from two Standard Operating Procedures, developed on demand of the German federal states. To this date, the authors are not aware of another software tool that gives technical support to the management and control of large-scale evacuations as ZEUS does. It comprises functionalities to (pre-)plan a large-scale evacuation, as well as functions for the management of the flow of evacuees during an evacuation situation. This paper describes how the requirements of ZEUS were derived from the two named planning frameworks and how use-cases were developed to meet the requirements; these use-cases were conceptualized as different steps of a workflow. In an evaluation, the paper gives credit how ZEUS can provide technical support for the evaluation of large-scale evacuations. ZEUS will undergo a two-staged review process: first, a controlled theoretical scenario is tested and, upon successful completion, a practical test on a large scale will be executed.
	Address	Fraunhofer IOSB; Fraunhofer IOSB; Fraunhofer IOSB; Fraunhofer IOSB; Fraunhofer IOSB; Ministry of Interior, Digitization, and Migration Baden-Württemberg
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Other	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	tobias.hellmund@iosb.fraunhofer.de			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2392
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	Author	Julien Coche; Jess Kropczynski; Aurélie Montarnal; Andrea Tapia; Frédérick Bénaben
	Title	Actionability in a Situation Awareness world: Implications for social media processing system design			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	994-1001
	Keywords	Actionable Information, Situation Awareness, Social Media, Crisis Management
	Abstract	The field of crisis informatics now has a decade-long history of designing tools that leverage social media to support decision-makers situation awareness. Despite this history, there remains few examples of these tools adopted by practitioners. Recent fieldwork with public safety answering points and first responders has led to an awareness of the need for tools that gather actionable information, rather than situational awareness alone. This paper contributes to an ongoing discussion about these concepts by proposing a model that embeds the concept of actionable information into Endsley's model of situation awareness. We also extend the insights of this model to the design implications of future information processing systems.
	Address	IMT Mines Albi; University of Cincinnati; Ecole des Mines d'Albi Carmaux; The Pennsylvania State University; Ecole des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Visions for Future Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	coche.emac@gmail.com			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2391
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	Author	Boris Petrenj; Paolo Trucco
	Title	Blockchain-based Solutions to support inter-organisational Critical Infrastructure Resilience			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	982-993
	Keywords	Critical Infrastructure, Blockchain, Research agenda, Resilience, Capability, Inter-organizational
	Abstract	This conceptual paper critically discusses opportunities for and challenges to the development and exploitation of blockchain-based solutions for resilience management at inter-organizational level of interdependent Critical Infrastructure (CI) systems. The main premise behind this idea is that trustful information-sharing and inter-institutional collaboration are the key elements of government and private sector efforts to build CI resilience (CIR). The discussion presents a vision that the adoption and adaptation of Blockchain Technology (BCT) could significantly improve the way a network of stakeholders prepares for and performs in face of inevitable CI disruptions. Even though BCT is regarded as technological innovation, the impacts go far beyond information systems. BCT application in this domain would entail significant benefits to organizational, managerial, legal and social issues, but would require adequate operational and organizational changes. We discuss how interdisciplinary approach (BCT and CIR) could address existing challenges, how it could introduce new challenges and how it could support other approaches and paradigms currently being regarded as the future of risk and resilience management. Even though the discussion in this paper is focused on Critical Infrastructure resilience, each point also applies to Crisis/Disaster management domain in general. This is a preliminary overview with the aim to stimulate further discussions and point to possible new, disruptive and interdisciplinary research avenues. To this end, a possible research agenda is eventually proposed.
	Address	Politecnico di Milano; Politecnico di Milano
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Visions for Future Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	boris.petrenj@polimi.it			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2390
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	Author	Yohann Chasseray; Anne-Marie Barthe-Delanoë; Stéphane Négny; Jean-Marc Le Lann
	Title	Automated unsupervised ontology population system applied to crisis management domain			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	968-981
	Keywords	Automated knowledge extraction, Crisis management systems, Ontologies, Experience feedback exploitation, Background knowledge acquisition
	Abstract	As crisis are complex systems, providing an accurate response to an ongoing crisis is not possible without ensuring situational awareness. The ongoing works around knowledge management and ontologies provide relevant and machine readable structures towards situational awareness and context understanding. Many metamodels, that can be derived into ontologies, supporting the collect and organization of crucial information for Decision Support Systems have been designed and are now used on specific cases. The next challenge into crisis management is to provide tools that can process an automated population of these metamodels/ontologies. The aim of this paper is to present a strategy to extract concept-instance relations in order to feed crisis management ontologies. The presented system is based on a previously proposed generic metamodel for information extraction and is applied in this paper to three different case studies representing three different crisis namely Ebola sanitarian crisis, Fukushima nuclear crisis and Hurricane Katrina natural disaster.
	Address	Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Universitéde Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse,France; Centre Génie Industriel, Université deToulouse, IMT Mines Albi, France; Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Universitéde Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse,France; Laborat
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Visions for Future Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	yohann.chasseray@inp-toulouse.fr			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2389
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	Author	Laura Petersen; Grigore M. Havarneanu; Natasha McCrone; Garik Markarian; George Kolev
	Title	Universal Design & the PROACTIVE project CBRNe app			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	959-966
	Keywords	Smartphone Disaster App, CBRNe, vulnerable groups, cocreation, universal design
	Abstract	A wide range of disaster apps are currently available on various app stores, however few existing disaster apps address the issue of CBRNe (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive) threats. The unique ways in which citizens prepare for and respond to CBRNe incidents merit that such an app exist. But citizens are not a homogenous group, and therefore the concept of universal design will be implemented when filling this gap. The EU H2020 PROACTIVE project will address this by co-creating together with citizens, including vulnerable groups, a disaster app able to be used during CBRNe incidents. This article lays out the methodology X will employ in order to create and validate the disaster app and states some core requirements already co-developed
	Address	Worldwide Railways Organisation (UIC); International Union of Railways; Rinisoft; Rinisoft; Rinisoft
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Usability and Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	petersen@uic.org			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2388
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	Author	Jaziar Radianti; Terje Gjøsæter; Weiqin Chen
	Title	Slaying the SA Demons – Humans vs. Technology – A Content Analysis			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	946-958
	Keywords	situation awareness, SA Demons, crisis management, human error, universal design, content analysis
	Abstract	In this paper, we examine Situation Awareness (SA) and the application of Endsley's Demons of SA in different contexts and research areas and perform content analysis to examine how they are used, and to what degree they are perceived as stemming from human error or weaknesses in technology and if any suggestions for mitigation are primarily focused on the human or the technology side. Based on our findings, we propose universal design as a tool that can counter the effects of the demons of SA by improving the usability and accessibility of SA-supporting technology and thereby removing barriers to SA, rather than challenging the users to overcome not only barriers that are a result of the complexity of the situation itself, but also additional barriers that are caused by inferior and suboptimal design of the technology in use.
	Address	University of Agder; University of Agder; Oslo Metropolitan University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Usability and Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	jaziar.radianti@uia.no			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2387
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	Author	Jelle Groenendaal; Ira Helsloot
	Title	Why Technology Not Always Adds Value to Crisis Managers During Crisis: The Case of The Dutch Nation-Wide Crisis Management System LCMS			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	936-945
	Keywords	Crisis, NDM, Technology, LCMS
	Abstract	Technology undeniably plays an important role in supporting crisis managers to respond to crisis. However, when improperly designed or used, technology can be ineffective or even be detrimental to the crisis response. Therefore, in this paper we bring together insights from the scientific literature and identify 5 principles for the design and use of technology to aid crisis managers effectively. These principles might seem trivial but there are several examples of technology used in practice that show the opposite. To illustrate this, we use as a case study the Dutch nation-wide crisis management system LCMS which is used in the Netherlands by all safety regions and other public organizations to maintain and share a common operational picture supporting large-scale crisis management collaboration. We explain why crisis evaluations and research time and again show that LCMS has failed to add value for crisis managers during crisis by using the identified principles.
	Address	Hague University of Applied Sciences; Radboud University Nijmegen
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Usability and Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	j.groenendaal@hhs.nl			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2386
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	Author	Aikaterini Christodoulou; John Lioumbas; Kostantinos Zambetoglou; Nikoletta Xanthopoulou
	Title	Combined innovative technologies for ensuring water safety in utilities: The city of Thessaloniki case study			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	929-934
	Keywords	Water safety, satellite images, drones, risk assessment
	Abstract	Innovative technologies such as monitoring the quality of surface water aquifers with satellite images, applying UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) and drone technology for a variety of operations, water quality measurements with improved techniques along with IoT (Internet of Things) and ICT (Information and Communication Technologies), can provide sufficient data for enhancing water safety in urban water utilities. Specifically, these data could be an effective tool for improving risk assessment process and management of water supply systems. Nevertheless, till now, there is a relative lack of published works that validate the efficiency of combing these technologies on water safety processes by incorporating most of them with a systematic way and during real working conditions in water utilities. This work aims to present the preliminary design concept of a platform that embraces innovating water safety technologies planned to be applied to Thessaloniki's Water Supply and Sewerage Co. S.A Standard Operating Procedures (SOP).
	Address	Thessaloniki Water Supply and Sewerage Co. S.A (EYATH SA); Thessaloniki Water Supply and Sewerage Co. S.A (EYATH SA); Thessaloniki Water Supply and Sewerage Co. S.A (EYATH SA); Thessaloniki Water Supply and Sewerage Co. S.A (EYATH SA)
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	catchristo@eyath.gr			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2385
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	Author	Lennart Landsberg; Alexandra Braun; Ompe Aimé Mudimu; Klaus-Dieter Büttgen
	Title	Considering end user needs when developing new technologies – a new plug and play sensor technology for locating trapped victims			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	922-928
	Keywords	Search and Rescue, UAV, Multi Sensors, Requirement Analysis, Building Collapse
	Abstract	Building collapses often happen unexpectedly and suddenly. Consequently, people are often buried under the debris. What follows is a complicated search by first responders, which is characterized by time pressure and danger. In the research project SORTIE, a modular and UAV-based technical system is being developed to support the first responders in their search efforts. During the first phase of this project, an extensive requirements analysis was conducted with the involvement of end users. This ensures that the developed technology meets the requirements for later use under realistic circumstance. The project consortium has good experience with this operational approach and is in close cooperation with end users who are part of the consortium. In addition to a comprehensive understanding of building collapses and prevailing conditions, the technical partners were also able to identify requirements that they might not have discovered without the involvement of end users and the appropriate methods.
	Address	TH Köln – University of Applied Sciences; Federal Agency for Technical Relief; TH Köln – University of Applied Sciences; Federal Agency for Technical Relief
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	lennart_walter.landsberg@th-koeln.de			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2384
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	Author	Cecilia Hammar Wijkmark; Ilona Heldal; Maria-Monika Metallinou
	Title	Experiencing Immersive VR Simulation for Firefighter Skills Training			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	913-921
	Keywords	Virtual reality, training, firefighter, skills, user experiences
	Abstract	Virtual Reality (VR) technology has gained interest for training in many domains, including firefighter education and training. However, there is hesitation in accepting immersive VR technology, especially for skills training. This paper examines the results from a field study investigating how first-time users experience immersive VR comparing with hot fire live simulation (HF-LS) training, a training involving several human senses. This study included nineteen firefighter students, eight instructors, and seven experienced firefighters using a VR technology simulating fire, smoke, heat, and via haptic feedback hose and pressure experiences. Data investigating user experiences were collected through questionnaires and observations. The results show that experienced firefighters valued the training using this VR technology higher than students. Further findings illustrate a difference between different user groups regarding expectations on the realism of simulated representations. For example, the visual realism of the smoke and the fire was more appreciated by experienced firefighters than students and instructors.
	Address	Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	cecilia.hammar.wijkmark@hvl.no			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2383
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	Author	K. K. Ramakrishnan; Murat Yuksel; Hulya Seferoglu; Jiachen Chen; Roger A. Blalock
	Title	Resilient Communication for First Responders in Disaster Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	903-912
	Keywords	Disaster Management, Information-Centric Networking, Namespace Design, D2D Communication, Coding
	Abstract	Effective communication among first responders during and in the aftermath of a disaster can affect outcomes dramatically. In this paper, we discuss the design of a resilient architecture that enables effective first responder communications even in such challenging scenarios. Our ReDiCom (Resilient Disaster Communications) network architecture builds resilience into the framework across all the layers. The information layer allows communication by roles and identities instead of addresses to support communication among dynamically formed first responder teams. The network layer provides robust and resilient communication even when facilities are error- and disruption-prone. The coded communication and computation further improve resilience and enable efficient data processing in disaster management.
	Address	University of California, Riverside; University of Central Florida; University of Illinois at Chicago; WINLAB, Rutgers University; NIST
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	jiachen@winlab.rutgers.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2382
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	Author	Enrique Caballero; Angel Madridano; Dimitrios Sainidis; Konstantinos Konstantoudakis; Petros Daras; Pablo Flores
	Title	An automated UAV-assisted 2D mapping system for First Responders			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	890-902
	Keywords	UAV, drone, 2D Mapping, Swarm, First Responders, Emergency Operations
	Abstract	Recent advances in the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) sector have allowed such systems to carry a range of sensors, thus increasing their versatility and adaptability to a wider range of tasks and services. Furthermore, the agility of these vehicles allows them to adapt to rapidly changing environments making them an effective tool for emergency situations. A single UAV, or a swarm working in collaboration, can be a handy and helpful tool for First Responders (FRs) during mission planning, mission monitoring, and the tracking of evolving risks. UAVs, with their on-board sensors, can, among other things, capture visual information of the disaster scene in a safe and quick manner, and generate an up-to-date map of the area. This work presents a system for UAV-assisted mapping optimized for FRs, including the generation of routes for the UAVs to follow, data collection and processing, and map generation.
	Address	Drone Hopper; Drone Hopper; Centre for Research & Technology, CERTH; Centre for Research & Technology, CERTH; Centre for Research & Technology, CERTH; Drone Hopper
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	e.caballero@drone-hopper.com			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2381
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	Author	Claudio Paliotta; Klaus Ening; Sigurd Mørkved Albrektsen
	Title	Micro indoor-drones (MINs) for localization of first responders			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	881-889
	Keywords	Micro indoor-drones, Indoor localisation, Swarm
	Abstract	In this paper, we describe our approach to the localization in GNSS-denied and risky unknown environments offirst responders (FRs). The INGENIOUS project is an EU funded project which is developing a new integratedtoolkit to support the operations of FRs. The micro indoor-drones (MINs) developed within the INGENIOUSproject represent a component of the toolkit which will support the localization of FRs in search-and-rescue (SAR)operations. In this paper, the concept behind the MINs and the current achievements are illustrated.
	Address	SINTEF Digital; SINTEF Digital; SINTEF Digital
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	claudio.paliotta@sintef.no			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2380
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	Author	Tiina Ristmae; Dimitra Dionysiou; Miltiadis Koutsokeras; Athanasios Douklias; Eleftherios Ouzounoglou; Angelos Amditis; Anaxagoras Fotopoulos; George Diles; Pantelis Linardatos; Konstantinos Smanis; Pantelis Lappas; Marios Moutzouris; Manolis Tsogas; Dani
	Title	The CURSOR Search and Rescue (SaR) Kit: an innovative solution for improving the efficiency of Urban SaR Operations			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	867-880
	Keywords	Urban Search and Rescue, Victim detection, Rescue robotics, Sensors, Situational awareness
	Abstract	CURSOR (Coordinated Use of miniaturized Robotic equipment and advanced Sensors for search and rescue OpeRations) is an ongoing European H2020 project with the main objective to enhance the efficiency and safety of Urban Search and Rescue (USaR) operations on disaster sites. CURSOR's approach relies on the integration of multiple mature and emerging technologies offering complementary capabilities to an USaR system, so as to address several challenges and capability gaps currently encountered during first responder missions. The project's research and development are structured around an earthquake master scenario. CURSOR aspires to advance the state-of the-art in several key aspects, including reduced time for victim detection, increased victim localization accuracy, enhanced real-time worksite information management, improved situational awareness and rescue team safety.
	Address	Federal Agency for Technical Relief (THW) – Headquarters Staff Unit Research & Innovation Management; Institute of Communication and Computer Systems – National Technical University of Athens; Institute of Communication and Computer Systems – National Tec
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	Tiina.Ristmaee@thw.de			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2379
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	Author	Masahiro Watanabe; Yu Ozawa; Kenichi Takahashi; Eri Takane; Tetsuya Kimura; Soichiro Suzuki; Kenjiro Tadakuma; Giancarlo Marafioti; Terje Mugaas; Miltiadis Koutsokeras; Satoshi Tadokoro
	Title	Hardware Design and Tests of SMURF V1 Platform for Searching Survivors in Debris Cones			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	849-866
	Keywords	Search and rescue (SaR), miniaturized mobile robot, wheeled robot, remotely operated vehicle (ROV), emergency responder
	Abstract	When a large-scale disaster such as earthquake occurs, a huge number of victims will be trapped under debris in a wide area. Rescue activities in debris are technically not easy and endanger the first responders. There are several methods for improving safety and efficiency of rescue operation, but their availability is limited to a certain area or short operating time. Our project called CURSOR is developing tools to comprehensively search victims using a large number of ground-based robots entering debris transported by aerial drones. Here we show the development of the exploration robot collecting information with several sensors. The robot system was designed based on the requirements and performance was evaluated by ruggedization tests and mobility tests. No critical problem was found in the durability, and the mobility showed as the same as the ordinary wheel. To improve the mobility, we are planning to apply a proposed unique track mechanism.
	Address	Tough Cyberphysical AI Research Center, Tohoku University; Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University; Tough Cyberphysical AI Research Center, Tohoku University; Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University; Department of System Safet
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	watanabe.masahiro@rm.is.tohoku.ac.jp			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2378
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	Author	Dimitrios Sainidis; Dimitrios Tsiakmakis; Konstantinos Konstantoudakis; Georgios Albanis; Anastasios Dimou; Petros Daras
	Title	Single-Handed Gesture UAV Control and Video Feed AR Visualization for First Responders			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	835-848
	Keywords	First responders, UAV, gesture control, augmented reality
	Abstract	Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming increasingly widespread in recent years, with numerous applications spanning multiple sectors. UAVs can be of particular benefit to first responders, assisting in both hazard detection and search-and-rescue operations, increasing their situational awareness without endangering human personnel; However, conventional UAV control requires both hands on a remote controller and many hours of training to control efficiently. Additionally, viewing the UAV video-feed on conventional devices (e.g. smartphones) require first responders to glance downwards to look at the screen, increasing the risk of accident. To this end, this work presents a unified system, incorporating single-hand gesture control for UAVs and an augmented reality (AR) visualization of their video feed, while also allowing for backup remote UAV control from any device and multiple-recipient video streaming. A modular architecture allows the upgrade or replacement of individual modules without affecting the whole. The presented system has been tested in the lab, and in field trials by first responders.
	Address	Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CERTH); Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CERTH); Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CERTH); Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CERTH); Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CERTH); Centre for
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	dsainidis@iti.gr			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2377
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	Author	Kerrianne Morrison; Yee-Yin Choong; Shanee Dawkins; Sandra Spickard Prettyman
	Title	Communication Technology Problems and Needs of Rural First Responders			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	817-834
	Keywords	Communication technology, First responders, Public safety, Rural communities, Usability
	Abstract	Although new technology may benefit rural first responders to help them serve their communities, to date little is known about what communication technology problems rural first responders most need addressed and what future technology they desire. To explore the context of use and communication technology problems and needs of rural first responders, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 63 rural first responders across four disciplines: Communications (Comm) Center & 9-1-1 Services, Emergency Medical Services, Fire Service, and Law Enforcement. Using qualitative data analysis, interview data were sorted into problems and needs categories. Rural first responders' greatest problems were with reliable coverage/connectivity, interoperability, implementation/information technology (IT) infrastructure, and physical ergonomics. Rural first responders' greatest need for new technology was to address their current problems, but they were interested in new technology that leverages real-time technology and location tracking. Implications for researchers and developers of public safety communication technology are discussed.
	Address	National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Culture Catalyst, LLC
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	kerrianne.morrison@nist.gov			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2376
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	Author	Shivam Sharma; Cody Buntain
	Title	An Evaluation of Twitter Datasets from Non-Pandemic Crises Applied to Regional COVID-19 Contexts			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	808-815
	Keywords	covid19, twitter, trecis, cross-validation, machine learning, transfer learning
	Abstract	In 2020, we have witnessed an unprecedented crisis event, the COVID-19 pandemic. Various questions arise regarding the nature of this crisis data and the impacts it would have on the existing tools. In this paper, we aim to study whether we can include pandemic-type crisis events with general non-pandemic events and hypothesize that including labeled crisis data from a variety of non-pandemic events will improve classification performance over models trained solely on pandemic events. To test our hypothesis we study the model performance for different models by performing a cross validation test on pandemic only held-out sets for two different types of training sets, one containing only pandemic data and the other a combination of pandemic and non-pandemic crisis data, and comparing the results of the two. Our results approve our hypothesis and give evidence of some crucial information propagation upon inclusion of non-pandemic crisis data to pandemic data.
	Address	New Jersey Institute of Technology; New Jersey Institute of Technology
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilience	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	cbuntain@njit.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2375
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	Author	Antone Evans Jr.; Yingyuan Yang; Sunshin Lee
	Title	Towards Predicting COVID-19 Trends: Feature Engineering on Social Media Responses			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	792-807
	Keywords	Big Data Analysis, Machine Learning, COVID-19, Twitter
	Abstract	During the course of this pandemic, the use of social media and virtual networks has been at an all-time high. Individuals have used social media to express their thoughts on matters related to this pandemic. It is difficult to predict current trends based on historic case data because trends are more connected to social activities which can lead to the spread of coronavirus. So, it's important for us to derive meaningful information from social media as it is widely used. Therefore, we grouped tweets by common keywords, found correlations between keywords and daily COVID-19 statistics and built predictive modeling. The features correlation analysis was very effective, so trends were predicted very well. A RMSE score of 0.0425504, MAE of 0.03295105 and RSQ of 0.5237014 in relation to daily deaths. In addition, we found a RMSE score of 0.07346836, MAE of 0.0491152 and RSQ 0.374529 in relation to daily cases.
	Address	University of Illinois Springfield; University of Illinois Springfield; University of Illinois Springfield
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilience	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	aevan7@uis.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2374
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	Author	Therese Habig; Richard Lüke; Simon Gehlhar; Torben Sauerland; Daniel Tappe
	Title	A Consolidated Understanding of Disaster Community Technologies			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	778-791
	Keywords	Disaster Community Technologies, social media and crowdsourcing, categorization and classification schema, knowledge base
	Abstract	Since the beginning of this millennium, there has been an increasing use of social media and crowdsourcing (SMCS) technologies in disaster situations (Reuter & Kaufhold, 2018). Disaster management organizations and corresponding research are increasingly working on ways of integrating SMCS into the processes of crisis management. In a changing technological landscape to address disasters, and with increasing diversity of stakeholders in disasters, the purpose of this research is to provide an overview of technologies for SMCS within disasters to improve community resilience. The identified and analyzed technologies are summarized under the term “Disaster Community Technologies” (DCT). The paper presents a classification schema (the “DCT-schema”) for those technologies. The goal is to generate an overview of DCT in a rapidly evolving environment and to provide the practical benefit for different stakeholders to identify the right one from the overview.
	Address	safety innovation center; safety innovation center; safety innovation center; safety innovation center; safety innovation center
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilience	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	habig@safetyinnovation.center			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2373
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	Author	Valerio Lorini; Carlos Castillo; Steve Peterson; Paola Rufolo; Hemant Purohit; Diego Pajarito; João Porto de Albuquerque; Cody Buntain
	Title	Social Media for Emergency Management: Opportunities and Challenges at the Intersection of Research and Practice			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	772-777
	Keywords	Crisis Informatics, Social Media, Workshop Report, Disaster Management
	Abstract	This paper summarizes key opportunities and challenges identified during the workshop “Social Media for Disaster Risk Management: Researchers Meet Practitioners” which took place online in November 2020. It constitutes a work-in-progress towards identifying new directions for research and development of systems that can better serve the information needs of emergency managers. Practitioners widely recognize the potential of accessing timely information from social media. Nevertheless, the discussion outlined some critical challenges for improving its adoption during crises. In particular, validating such information and integrating it with authoritative information and into more traditional information systems for emergency managers requires further work, and the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation need to be prevented.
	Address	European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Community Emergency Response Team, Montgomery County, Maryland, USA; European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy; George Mason Univers
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilience	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	valerio.lorini@ec.europa.eu			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2372
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