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	Author	Muhammad Tauhidur Rahman; Tarek Rashed
	Title	Towards a geospatial approach to post-disaster environmental impact assessment			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	219-226
	Keywords	Damage detection; Disasters; Environmental impact assessments; Geographic information systems; Remote sensing; Analytical approach; Built-in components; Conceptual frameworks; Disaster mitigation; Impact assessments; Rapid environmental impact assessment (REA); Severity index; Statistical decomposition; Environmental impact
	Abstract	Natural disasters often leave profound impacts on the environment. Existing disaster impact assessment methods fall short in facilitating the relief work and in conducting cross-sectional comparison of various facets of such impacts. The development of a standardized index for measuring/monitoring the environmental impacts of disasters is necessary to address this gap. This paper proposes a conceptual framework to study the environmental impacts via remote sensing/GIS based geospatial analytical approach by developing a post-disaster environmental severity index. It considers physical, social and built-in components of the environment and identifies several key indicators of disaster impacts. Through statistical decomposition of a large number of environmental impact indicators, the study proposes a composite post-disaster environmental severity index (PDESI). Mapping of the proposed index would help identification of areas and component of the environment that are severely affected by a disaster, and formulation of disaster mitigation and damage recovery plans accordingly.
	Address	University of Oklahoma, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	REAS	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	865
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	Author	Eli Rohn
	Title	A survey of schema standards and portals for emergency management and collaboration			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	263-269
	Keywords	Civil defense; Data integration; Data structures; Disasters; Risk management; Standards; Surveys; Emergency management; Exhaustive lists; Fair representation; Government agencies; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards; Standard bodies; Information management
	Abstract	We survey several emergency management related data structures and portals designed or adopted by standard bodies such as Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), as well as standards designed or adopted by government agencies in the US and in the UK. The survey is by no means an exhaustive list of such standards and portals, but it gives a fair representation of the current state of affairs and resources to practitioners and researchers alike.
	Address	New Jersey Institute of Technology, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	DSM	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	886
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	Author	Mohamad Rukieh
	Title	The effects of lineaments and epicentres on risk reduction in arabian rift zone			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	227-234
	Keywords	Earthquakes; Faulting; Epicenters; Lineaments; Remote sensing techniques; Rift zones; Risk reductions; Space image; Spatial planning; Tectonic deformations; Structural geology
	Abstract	This paper describes the relationship between lineaments, which determined on space images, and the epicenters and their effects on spatial planning for risk reduction. Several studies have shown that most of the epicenters occur along these lineaments or their zones, or in the block regions which are bordered by these lineaments, or where these lineaments and different tectonic deformation are intersected. This paper presents a case study on the Arabian Rift Zone which is based on the linkages among lineaments, faults, and earthquakes that occurred in the region during 1910-93. Also, this study will show that most of these earthquakes were occurred along the main and secondary rift faults or in their zone, including the faults found in sea that helped in determining the courses of these earthquakes in the sea bottom. This confirms the importance of remote sensing techniques for providing space images of different scales in seismic studies.
	Address	General Organization of Remote Sensing, Ministry of Communication and Technology, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	SPDR	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	899
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	Author	Isuru Samaraweera; Sheran Corera
	Title	Sahana victim registries: Effectively track disaster victims			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	17-32
	Keywords	Disaster prevention; Information management; Children; Disaster management; Missing persons; Sahana; Victims; Disasters
	Abstract	“Disaster management” a key topic these days due to the enormous amount of disasters occurring all over the world tends to focus mainly on the individuals victimized as human lives and living conditions are in jeopardy. During such a disaster scenario there are many different volunteer organizations and volunteers willing to support victims but due to the lack of robust and reliable human computer systems developed for responding and managing disaster aftermaths the efficiency tends to suffer thus crushing down the volunteer efforts drastically. So developing an effective disaster management solution is vital and a computerized registry that captures and handles information on disaster victims can be called the heart of the system due to the significant bearing it has on human lives. Thus one could say that disaster victim registries have a higher significance in a disaster management context. Due to this reason, three such registries have been developed and integrated into the Sahana Disaster Management System namely the Disaster Victim Registry, Missing Person Registry and the Children Registry.
	Address	Lanka Software Foundation, Sri Lanka
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	HOPS	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	906
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	Author	Daniel Sanz; Patricia Gómez Bello; Paloma Díaz; Fausto J. Sainz; Ignacio Aedo
	Title	Supporting physical and logical communication in emergency management Virtual Distributed Teams			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	439-448
	Keywords	Access control; Civil defense; Communication; Disasters; Risk management; Distributed teams; Heterogeneous technology; Information flows; Mobile infrastructure; Organizational structures; Physical communications; Role-based Access Control; Spontaneous communication; Physical addresses
	Abstract	Virtual Distributed Teams (VDT) need to face physical and logical communication challenges during emergency response. Physical problems include heterogeneous technology infrastructures, ubiquitous accessibility, alternative media communication or real-time interaction. Logical problems are related to the accomplishment of a coordinated activity, such as the need for a common place accessible by all where digital artefacts are available, spontaneous communication, real-time interaction, and emergency awareness. We present an integration framework that addresses the physical and logical communication requirements in emergency management for VDTs. The framework provides a ubiquitous mobile infrastructure that supports physical communication, proposes a generic role-based organizational structure for VDT, and outlines an integration strategy that allows to define logical communication channels by means of information flow and access control policies based on the VDT structure.
	Address	DEI Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Carlos III University of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Spain
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	VTC	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	912
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	Author	Schreiber
	Title	Automatic generation of sensor queries in a WSN for environmental monitoring			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	245-254
	Keywords	Data mining; Automatic Generation; Data collection; Environmental data; Environmental Monitoring; Physical phenomena; Physical variables; Query generation; Sensor data extraction; Monitoring
	Abstract	The design of a WSN for environmental data monitoring is a largely ad-hoc human process. In this paper, we propose the automatic generation of queries for sensor data extraction, based on the collection of a number of parameters concerning the physical phenomenon to be controlled, the relevant physical variables, the types of sensors to be deployed and their allocation, the data collection frequencies, and other features.
	Address	Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	DSM	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	926
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	Author	Nanja J. J. M. Smets; Guido Te Brake; Jasper Lindenberg; Mark A. Neerincx
	Title	Influence of mobile map size and user capacities on situation awareness tested in a virtual environment			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	557-564
	Keywords	Mobile devices; Virtual reality; Emergency response; Game-Based; Mobile maps; Situation awareness; Task environment; Experiments
	Abstract	In the near future, first responders may become equipped with mobile devices providing navigation, decision and communication support. Because of the complex and chaotic circumstances in which these devices will be used, the devices should support the creation and maintenance of adequate situation awareness. Extensive testing of such devices for crisis management in real-life is expensive, complex, risky and only possible for specific settings. Therefore, we developed a synthetic task environment that is suited for developing and evaluating new concepts. In this paper, we present the results of the first experiment in this environment. Participants had to rescue victims in a synthetic world, and were supported by a map of the area showing the location and orientation of the participant and the victims. The experiment focused on the effects of map size and user's spatial ability on the quality of the situational awareness that was developed by the first responders. Besides the results of the experiment, experiences with the use of a synthetic environment for evaluation and development purposes are presented.
	Address	TNO Human Factors, Soesterberg, Netherlands; TNO, Delft University of Technology, Soesterberg, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	GAME	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	955
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	Author	Alexander Smirnov; Mikhail Pashkin; Nikolay Shilov; Tatiana Levashova
	Title	Intelligent support of context-based megadisaster management: Hybrid technology and case study			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	305-316
	Keywords	Decision support systems; Hurricanes; Constraint Satisfaction; Context management; Decision supports; Humanitarian logistics; Hybrid technology; Intelligent decision making; Intelligent support; Ontology management; Decision making
	Abstract	The situation with the hurricane Katrina showed that the conventional tiered response to disaster event, whereby state and local officials are responsible for the first few days, does not work well in case of megadisasters (massive hurricanes, earthquakes, large-scale acts of terrorism, etc.). Such situations require application of new technologies for preparing the operation, interoperability between the operation participants, and decision support for officials. Here presented approach proposes a context-driven decision support schema based on integration of such technologies as context & ontology management and constraint satisfaction. The application of the approach is illustrated via a case study of a portable hospital arrangement.
	Address	St.Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	ASCM	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	958
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	Author	Hélène Soubaras; Juliette Mattioli
	Title	Injury worsening risk modeling and rescue emergency analysis in a disaster			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-5
	Keywords	Biological systems; Disasters; Dynamical systems; Casualties; Crisis management; Dynamical system modeling; Emergency planning; Rescuers; Verhulst; Risk assessment
	Abstract	In a crisis with casualties, while there is no medical intervention, the severity of the injuries increases, and some people may die. Since the number of rescuers is limited, it is necessary to perform a planning and a deployment of this resource on the basis of a risk criterion illustrating the potential increase of the number of casualties at each point of the concerned area. Emergency planning is still a poorly developed science [3]. This paper provides a dynamical model for the number of casualties, inspired from the Verhulst model classically used for biological systems [5], to evaluate this risk criterion as a function of future time. It calculates the evolution of the number of unrescued casualties, the number of dead people, and the number of rescued people, as a function of the number of rescuers. Numerical results are shown.
	Address	Thales Research and Technology, France
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	GENE	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	968
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	Author	J. Renze Steenhuisen; Mathijs M. De Weerdt; Cees Witteveen
	Title	Enabling agility through coordinating temporally constrained planning agents			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	457-466
	Keywords	Multi agent systems; Planning; Coordination; Coordination technique; Enabling technologies; Hierarchical organizations; Precedence constraints; Precedence relations; Temporal constraints; Temporal information; Autonomous agents
	Abstract	In crisis response, hierarchical organizations are being replaced by dynamic assemblies of autonomous agents that promise more agility. However, these autonomous agents might cause a decrease in effectiveness when individually constructed plans for moderately-coupled tasks are not jointly feasible. Existing coordination techniques can be applied in the pre-planning phase to guarantee feasible joint plans for partially-ordered tasks. Temporal relations in crisis response are often more complex than the simple precedence relations in current work. Therefore, we analyze whether temporal information can be dealt with by a conversion to partially-ordered tasks with only precedence constraints. Time windows and two temporal constraints (overlaps and during) can be rewritten in such a way that the task remains partially-ordered. When other temporal constraints (meets, starts, finishes, and equals) are used, tasks become tightly-coupled, requiring coordination in the execution phase as well. This work shows the applicability of pre-planning coordination as an enabling technology for the effective formation of agile organizations.
	Address	Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	IMPR	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	973
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	Author	Tomoichi Takahashi
	Title	Agent-based disaster simulation evaluation and its probability model interpretation			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	369-376
	Keywords	Disasters; Probability; Agent based simulation; Agent based social simulation; Agent-based approach; Agent-based social simulations; Disaster simulation; Evaluation method; Local government; Probability modeling; Computer simulation
	Abstract	Agent-based simulations enable the simulation of social phenomenon by representing human behaviors using agents. Human actions such as evacuating to safe havens or extinguishing fires in disaster areas are important during earthquakes. The inclusion of human actions in calculating the damage at disaster sites provides useful data to local governments for planning purposes. In order to practically apply these simulation results, these results should be tested using actual data. Further, these results should be analyzed and explained in a manner that people who are not agent programmers can also understand easily. First, the possibility of applying agent-based approaches to social tasks is shown by comparing the simulation results with those obtained from other methods. Next, we propose a method to present agent behaviors using a probability model and discuss the results of applying this method to the RoboCup Rescue simulation data. These will delve into future research topics for developing agent based social simulations to practical ones.
	Address	Meijo University, Japan
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	ASCM	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	988
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	Author	Adriaan Ter Mors; Xiaoyu Mao; Nicola Roos; Cees Witteveen; Alfons H. Salden
	Title	Multi-agent system support for scheduling aircraft de-icing			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	467-478
	Keywords	Aircraft; Emergency services; Intelligent agents; Multi agent systems; Scheduling; Snow and ice removal; Aircraft deicing; Coordination; Coordination strategy; Decision mechanism; Emergency responders; Emergency situation; Incident Management; Unexpected incidents; Aircraft accidents
	Abstract	Results from disaster research suggest that methods for coordination between individual emergency responders and organizations should recognize the independence and autonomy of these actors. These actor features are key factors in effective adaptation and improvisation of response to emergency situations which are inherently uncertain. Autonomy and adaptability are also well-known aspects of a multi-agent system (MAS). In this paper we present two MAS strategies that can effectively handle aircraft deicing incidents. These MAS strategies help improve to prevent and reduce e.g. airplane delays at deicing stations due to changing weather conditions or incidents at the station, where aircraft agents adopting pre-made plans that would act on behalf of aircraft pilots or companies, would only create havoc. Herein each agent using its own decision mechanism deliberates about the uncertainty in the problem domain and the preferences (or priorities) of the agents. Furthermore, taking both these issues into account each proposed MAS strategy outperforms a naive first-come, first-served coordination strategy. The simulation results help pilots and companies taking decisions with respect to the scheduling of the aircraft for deicing when unexpected incidents occur: they provide insights in the impacts and means for robust selection of incident-specific strategies on e.g. deicing station delays of (individual) aircraft.
	Address	Almende B.V., Technische Universiteit Delft, Netherlands; Almende B.V., Universiteit Maastricht, Netherlands; MICC, IKAT, Universiteit Maastricht, Netherlands; EWI, Technische Universiteit Delft, Netherlands; Almende B.V., Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	IMPR	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1003
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	Author	Brian M. Tomaszewski; Anthony C. Robinson; Chris E. Weaver; Michael Stryker; Alan M. MacEachren
	Title	Geovisual analytics and crisis management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	173-179
	Keywords	Flow visualization; Visualization; Analytical reasoning; Complex connections; Geo-spatial informations; Geovisual analytics; Multiple data sources; Situational awareness; Support crisis management; Visual environments; Decision making
	Abstract	Increasing data heterogeneity, fragmentation and volume, coupled with complex connections among specialists in disaster response, mitigation, and recovery situations demand new approaches for information technology to support crisis management. Advances in visual analytics tools show promise to support time-sensitive collaboration, analytical reasoning, problem solving and decision making for crisis management. Furthermore, as all crises have geospatial components, crisis management tools need to include geospatial data representation and support for geographic contextualization of location-specific decision-making throughout the crisis. This paper provides an introduction to and description of Geovisual Analytics applied to crisis management activity. The goal of Geovisual Analytics in this context is to support situational awareness, problem solving, and decision making using highly interactive, visual environments that integrate multiple data sources that include georeferencing. We use an emergency support function example to discuss how recent progress in Geovisual Analytics can address the issues a crisis can present.
	Address	Department of Geography, GeoVISTA Center, Pennsylvania State University, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	VISU	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1011
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	Author	Joeri Van Laere; Jessica Lindblom; Tarja Susi
	Title	Requirements for emergency management training from a 'passion for failures' perspective			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	449-456
	Keywords	Civil defense; Disasters; Failure (mechanical); Feedback; Learning systems; Coaching; Emergency management; Learning process; Organizational learning; Swedishs; Training exercise; Risk management
	Abstract	Swedish municipalities are stimulated to conduct emergency management exercises in addition to developing crisis plans. These exercises tend to be grounded in an instrumental philosophy. There is too much focus on doing the exercise and too little attention for the implementation of lessons learned afterwards. A common experience is that the same 'mistakes' are discovered again and again in yearly exercises. Furthermore there is a paradoxical balance between empowering the organization in its learning process (positive feedback) and revealing the failures (negative feedback). In this paper we reflect on the learning process in a Swedish municipality in 2006 where two emergency management exercises were held and where a minor and a major crisis occurred during the year. We argue that the longitudinal learning process should be the focus in stead of ad hoc exercises. In addition we develop some requirements for emergency management training from a 'passion for failures' perspective.
	Address	University of Skövde, Sweden
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	APFF	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1043
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	Author	Connie White; Murray Turoff; Bartel A. Van De Walle
	Title	A dynamic delphi process utilizing a modified thurstone scaling method: Collaborative judgement in emergency response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	7-15
	Keywords	Decision support systems; Time series; Collaboration; Decision supports; Delphi; Emergency response systems; Group support systems; Incomplete data; Judgment; Paired comparison; Thurstone's Law of Comparative Judgment; Ubiquitous; Emergency services
	Abstract	In an extreme event or major disaster, very often there are both alternative actions that might be considered and far more requests for actions than can be executed immediately. The relative desirability of each option for action could be a collaborative expression of a significant number of emergency managers and experts trying to manage the most desirable alternatives at any given time, in real time. Delphi characteristics can satisfy these needs given that anyone can vote or change their vote on any two options, and voting and scaling are used to promote a group understanding. Further utilized with Thurstone's Law of Comparative Judgment, a group decision or the range of acceptability a group is willing to consent to, can be calculated and utilized as a means of producing the best decision. A ubiquitous system for expeditious real-time decision making by large virtual teams in emergency response environments is described.
	Address	New Jersey Institute of Technology, United States; Tilburg University, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	GENE	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1082
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	Author	Gerhard Wickler; Austin Tate; Stephen Potter
	Title	Integrating discrete event and process-level simulation for flexible training in the I-X framework			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	355-359
	Keywords	Discrete event simulation; Information systems; Personnel training; Activity modeling; Agent Framework; Discrete-event simulators; Emergency response; Flexible trainings; Fully integrated; HTN planning; Training scenario; Emergency services
	Abstract	The aim of this paper is to describe I-Sim, a simulation tool that is a fully integrated part of the underlying agent framework, I-X. I-Sim controls a discrete event simulator, based on the same activity model that is shared between all I-X components, and multiple process-level simulators that model the continuous change caused by actions that are considered as primitives by the rest of the system. The primary purpose of this tool is to support instructors during exercises that are used for training in emergency response. The main advantage the I-Sim tool gives the instructors is flexibility, allowing them to orchestrate and modify existing training scenarios on the fly, adapting them to trainees' needs as required.
	Address	AIAI, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	ASCM	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1086
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	Author	Don J.M. Willems; Louis Vuurpijl
	Title	Designing interactive maps for crisis management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	159-166
	Keywords	Bayesian networks; Feature extraction; Human computer interaction; Personal computers; Crisis management; Crisis management systems; Data collection; Domain specific; Effective communication; Interactive maps; Mode detection; Recognition systems; Pattern recognition systems
	Abstract	This paper describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of pen input recognition systems that are suited for so-called interactive maps. Such systems provide the possibility to enter handwriting, drawings, sketches and other modes of pen input. Typically, interactive maps are used to annotate objects or mark situations that are depicted on the display of video walls, handhelds, PDAs, or tablet PCs. Our research explores the possibility of employing interactive maps for crisis management systems, which require robust and effective communication of, e.g., the location of objects, the kind of incidents, or the indication of route alternatives. The design process described here is a mix of “best practices” for building perceptive systems, combining research in pattern recognition, human factors, and human-computer interaction. Using this approach, comprising data collection and annotation, feature extraction, and the design of domain-specific recognition technology, a decrease in error rates is achieved from 9.3% to 4.0%.
	Address	Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	HCIS	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1092
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	Author	Zhenke Yang; Leon J.M. Rothkrantz
	Title	Emotion sensing for context sensitive interpretation of crisis reports			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	507-514
	Keywords	Computer science; Computers; Fusion reactions; Context sensitive; Emergent interpretation; Emotion; Emotion modeling; Emotional quality; Environmental agency; Multi-modal; Scenario scripts; Quality control
	Abstract	The emotional qualities of a report play an important role in the evaluation of eye witness reports in crisis centers. Human operators in the crisis center can use the amount of anxiety and stress detected in a spoken report to rapidly estimate the possible impact and urgency of a report and the appropriate response to the reporter. This paper presents ongoing work in automated multi-modal emotion sensing of crisis reports in order to reduce the cognitive load on human operators. Our approach is based on the work procedures adopted by the crisis response center Rijnmond environmental agency (DCMR) and assumes a spoken dialogue between a reporter and a crisis control center. We use an emotion model based on conceptual graphs that is continually evaluated while the dialogue continues. We show how the model can be applied to interpret crisis report in a fictional toxic gas dispersion scenario.
	Address	Man-Machine-Interaction Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, 2628CD Delft, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	EMOT	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1123
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	Author	Xiang Yao; Murray Turoff
	Title	Using task structure to improve Collaborative Scenario Creation			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	591-594
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Decision support systems; Collaborative Scenario Creation; Creation process; Design tasks; Entity-relationship; Modeling methodology; Task structure; Design
	Abstract	This paper provides a task structure design for collaborative scenario elicitation. Task structure design is part of this effort to design a new Collaborative Scenario Creation (CSC) system. The complexity of the scenario creation process hinders participants, especially novice participants, from prudently designing scenarios. Research in Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) shows that task structure helps to improve processes and collaborations. To design task structure for collaborative scenario elicitation, this paper invokes the Entity-Relationship data modeling methodology.
	Address	New Jersey Institute of Technology, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	CSE	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1125
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