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	Author	Maurizio Marchese; Lorenzino Vaccari; Gaia Trecarichi; Nardine Osman; Fiona McNeill
	Title	Interaction models to support peer coordination in crisis management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	230-241
	Keywords	Computer simulation; Human resource management; Information systems; Peer to peer networks; Risk management; Crisis management; Emergencies simulation; Interaction model; Knowledge-sharing; P2P network; Process coordination; Information management
	Abstract	All phases of emergency management activities – that we will reference hereafter as eResponse activities – depend on data from a variety of sources and involve a range of different organizations and teams at various administrative levels with their own systems and services. The existence of numerous and different actors, policies, procedures, data standards and systems results in coordination problems with respect to data analysis, information delivery and resource management.. In this paper we present a novel approach based on interaction models distributed through a peer to peer infrastructure and we show how it can be applied in the context of crisis management to support coalition formation and process coordination in open environments. In particular, a prototype eResponse simulation system – built on a P2P infrastructure – has been developed to execute interaction models describing common coordination tasks in emergency response domain. Preliminary evaluation of the proposed framework demonstrates its capability to support such eResponse tasks.
	Address	University of Trento, Italy; University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Process- and Geo-aware Systems for Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	742
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	Author	Maurizio Marchese; Lorenzino Vaccari; Pavel Shvaiko; Juan Pane
	Title	An application of approximate ontology matching in eResponse			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	294-304
	Keywords	Distributed computer systems; Information systems; Ontology; Peer to peer networks; Semantics; Web services; Websites; Approximate ontology matching; Crisis management; Interaction model; Ontology matching; Organizational modeling; Peer-to-peer information; Semantic heterogeneity; Web service composition; Emergency services
	Abstract	Ontology matching is a key problem in many metadata intensive application domains, including emergency response, data integration, peer-to-peer information sharing, web service composition, and query answering on the web. In this paper we present an emergency response scenario based on the organizational model as used in Trentino region, Italy. We provide a formalization of this scenario with the help of lightweight coordination calculus. Then, we discuss an automatic approximate structure preserving matching algorithm which we applied within the emergency response scenario. The evaluation results, though preliminary, are encouraging.
	Address	University of Trento, Italy
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Ontologies for Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	741
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	Author	Mauro Falasca; Christopher W. Zobel; Deborah Cook
	Title	A decision support framework to assess supply chain resilience			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	596-605
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Decision support systems; Disasters; Information systems; Inventory control; Decision framework; Decision support framework; Quantitative approach; Resilience; Simulation; Supply chain design; Supply chain resiliences; Supply chain systems; Supply chains
	Abstract	Our research is aimed at developing a quantitative approach for assessing supply chain resilience to disasters, a topic that has been discussed primarily in a qualitative manner in the literature. For this purpose, we propose a simulation-based framework that incorporates concepts of resilience into the process of supply chain design. In this context, resilience is defined as the ability of a supply chain system to reduce the probabilities of disruptions, to reduce the consequences of those disruptions, and to reduce the time to recover normal performance. The decision framework incorporates three determinants of supply chain resilience (density, complexity, and node criticality) and discusses their relationship to the occurrence of disruptions, to the impacts of those disruptions on the performance of a supply chain system and to the time needed for recovery. Different preliminary strategies for evaluating supply chain resilience to disasters are identified, and directions for future research are discussed.
	Address	Dept. of Business Information Technology, R.B. Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg VA, 24061, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Impact of Disasters on Industry and Economic Effects	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	481
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	Author	Michael J. Marich; Thomas A. Horan; Benjamin Schooley
	Title	Understanding IT governance within the San Mateo County Emergency Medical Service agency			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	451-461
	Keywords	Architecture; Information services; Information systems; Architectural quality; Emergency medical services; Emergency response systems; Governance; Information and technologies; Organizational dimensions; Public and private sector; Time-critical; Emergency services
	Abstract	This paper examines inter-organizational governance within the context of a County wide Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system. Through a case study approach that included an action research methodology, this paper reports research findings on how one multi-organizational EMS system in California designed a process to establish an inter-organizational IT governance structure. The process resulted in EMS stakeholders defining architectural qualities that could be used to drive the EMS enterprise to a higher level of architecture maturity. That is, away from inherent business silos and towards greater levels of standardization and integration of information and technology across all stakeholder groups. The San Mateo County, CA Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system provided the case study context to better understand characteristics of a high performing emergency response system. The unique governance structure of this case allowed researchers to formulate a preliminary understanding of what IT governance is within this context and how it plays a role within private and not-for-profit sector large-scale, inter-organizational, emergency response systems. We applied the time critical information services (TCIS) framework to the specific setting of the San Mateo EMS strategic redesign initiative. The TCIS framework was used to drive roundtable discussions and in addition to obtaining a better understanding of the governance dimension, much was also learned about the operational and organizational dimensions of a high performing emergency response system. From these discussions, a set of 11 key findings were developed in order to guide the county's procurement strategy and future strategic direction. The impact of these findings is that they will be used to formulate public and private sector service contracts that will remain in effect for the next 10 years.
	Address	Claremont Graduate University, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Information Coordination between Heterogeneous Emergency and Relief Agencies	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	743
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	Author	Michele Angelaccio; Daniele Pizziconi
	Title	Adaptive process coordination through mobile file sharing: A crisis management case study analysis			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	242-248
	Keywords	Information systems; Middleware; Activity diagram; Ad hoc wireless networks; Case study analysis; Crisis management; Emergency scenario; File Sharing; Multimedia files; Software project; Mobile ad hoc networks
	Abstract	This paper describes an ongoing project that exploits the capability of mobile sharing systems for ad-hoc wireless networks (MANET) operating in a post-emergency scenario. The aim is to support an existing adaptive process management in which users handle multimedia files (e.g. disaster photos) in a nomadic way by exploiting the capability offered by mobile file sharing middleware to reduce the connection time for each nomadic operator performing emergency workflow. The paper compares user activities with and without file sharing capability in order to show the efficiency gain that could be obtained. A preliminary discussion with example of activity diagrams evidences the benefits in terms of workflow efficiency and gives the opportunity in the software project development phase to obtain a more scalable and efficiently performing mobile adaptive process management for crisis scenarios.
	Address	Dept. of Information Engineering (DISP), University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Process- and Geo-aware Systems for Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	268
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	Author	Mike Botts; George Percivall; Carl Reed; John Davidson
	Title	OGC® sensor web enablement: Overview and high level architecture			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	713-723
	Keywords	Architectural design; Imaging techniques; Information services; Sensor networks; Sensors; Service oriented architecture (SOA); Transducers; Web services; Geo-spatial; Ogc; Sensor web; Sensor web enablement; Soa; Information systems
	Abstract	A precursor paper (also available as an OGC White Paper) provides a high-level overview of and architecture for the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards activities that focus on sensors, sensor networks, and a concept called the “Sensor Web”. This OGC focus area is known as Sensor Web Enablement (SWE). For readers interested in greater technical and architecture details, please download and read the OGC SWE Architecture Discussion Paper titled “The OGC Sensor Web Enablement Architecture” (OGC document 06-021r1).
	Address	Univ. of Alabama in Huntsville, United States; Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., United States; Image Matters LLC, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Geographic Information Science	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	341
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	Author	Min Song; Peishih Chang
	Title	Automatic extraction of abbreviation for emergency management websites			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	93-100
	Keywords	Civil defense; Disasters; Extraction; Information systems; Risk management; Websites; Acronyms and abbreviations; Automatically generated; Emergency management; Emergency preparedness; Information structures; Text analysis; Training and education; Web Mining; Information management
	Abstract	In this paper we present a novel approach to reduce information proliferation and aid better information structure by automatically generating extraction of abbreviation for emergency management websites. 5.7 Giga Byte web data from 624 emergency management related web sites is collected and a list of acronyms is automatically generated by proposed system (AbbrevExtractor). Being the first attempt of applying abbreviation extraction to the field, this work is expected to provide comprehensive and timely information for emergency management communities in emergency preparedness, training and education. Future work is likely to involve more data collection and intelligent text analysis for dynamically maintaining and updating the list of acronyms and abbreviations.
	Address	New Jersey Institute of Technology, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Methods for Mitigating Information Overload	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	965
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	Author	Min-Hao Matt Wu; Annie Hsin-Wen Liu; K. Mani Chandy
	Title	Virtual environments for developing strategies for interdicting terrorists carrying dirty bombs			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	83-87
	Keywords	Bombs (ordnance); Error detection; Information systems; Interactive computer graphics; Radioactive materials; Ray tracing; Terrorism; Dirty bomb; Interdiction; On-line games; Poisson process; Radioactive; Terrorist; Virtual worlds; Virtual reality
	Abstract	Strategies for detecting terrorists carrying radioactive material can be evaluated in virtual environments more easily than they can be in the real world. Real scenarios expose personnel to radiation and concomitant dangers. The execution of multiple real-world scenarios – such as catching terrorists in factories, houses and open spaces – is expensive. This paper describes virtual environments for interdicting terrorists carrying radioactive material. The virtual environments are constructed by incorporating the physics of radiation into virtual-world platforms. We explore the relative advantages of a gaming engine (Half-Life 2), a 3D online virtual world (Second Life) and a robot simulator platform (Stage/Player) for developing strategies for interdicting dirty bombers. Preliminary results on implementations of these virtual environments are presented.
	Address	California Institute of Technology, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Virtual Systems for Emergency Management Simulation & Training	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1102
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	Author	Monika Büscher; Preben Holst Mogensen; Margit Kristensen
	Title	When and how (not) to trust IT? Supporting virtual emergency teamwork			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	167-176
	Keywords	Computer architecture; Design; Information systems; Formative evaluation; Innovative technology; Palpable computing; Participatory design; Pervasive computing technology; Situation awareness; Trust in technologies; Virtual team; Ubiquitous computing
	Abstract	In this paper we use the formative evaluation of a prototype 'assembly' of pervasive computing technologies to specify design implications for emergency virtual teamwork tools. The prototype assembly, called “Overview”, was implemented in collaboration with police, fire and medical emergency services as part of the real life event management during the Tall Ships' Races 2007 in Denmark. We describe how the emergency teams used the technologies for collaboration between distributed colleagues, to produce shared situation awareness, to manage efforts and resources and respond to minor emergencies. Trust in technology is a key need virtual teams identify in their endeavours to dovetail innovative technologies into emergency work. We show how practices of working up trust are supported by the PalCom open architecture (which was used to build Overview), and delineate design guidelines to enable the productive integration of pervasive computing.
	Address	University of Lancaster, United Kingdom; University of Aarhus, Denmark
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Virtual Teams and Virtual Communities in Emergency Preparedness and Response	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	357
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	Author	Murray Turoff; Connie White; Linda Plotnick; Starr Roxanne Hiltz
	Title	Dynamic emergency response management for large scale decision making in extreme events			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	462-470
	Keywords	Civil defense; Decision support systems; Information systems; Philosophical aspects; Risk management; Decision supports; Effective management; Emergency management; Emergency preparedness; Emergency response management; Extreme events; Muddling through; Time constraints; Decision making
	Abstract	Effective management of a large-scale extreme event requires a system that can quickly adapt to changing needs of the users. There is a critical need for fast decision-making within the time constraints of an ongoing emergency. Extreme events are volatile, change rapidly, and can have unpredictable outcomes. Large, not predetermined groups of experts and decision makers need a system to prepare for a response to a situation never experienced before and to collaborate to respond to the actual event. Extreme events easily require a hundred or more independent agencies and organizations to be involved which usually results in two or more times the number of individuals. To accomplish the above objectives we present a philosophical view of decision support for Emergency Preparedness and Management that has not previously been made explicit in this domain and describe a number of the current research efforts at NJIT that fit into this framework.
	Address	Information Systems Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Information Coordination between Heterogeneous Emergency and Relief Agencies	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1025
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	Author	Murray Turoff; Starr Roxanne Hiltz
	Title	Information seeking behavior and viewpoints of emergency preparedness and management professionals concerned with health and medicine			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	250-253
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address	New Jersey Institute of Technology, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Panel	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1023
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	Author	Nan Zhang; Clare Bayley; Simon French
	Title	Use of web-based group decision support for crisis management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	55-58
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Information systems; Websites; Collaboration; Crisis management; Crisis situations; Distributed decision making; Group decision supports; Small-scale experiment; Web-based group decision support system (wGDSS); Decision support systems
	Abstract	Web-based group decision support systems (wGDSS) are becoming more common in organizations. In this paper, we provide a review and critique of the literature on wGDSS, raising a number of issues that need addressing. Then we report on a small scale experiment using Groupsystems ThinkTank to manage an issue to do with food safety. We also describe how we propose to use ThinkTank in a crisis situation.
	Address	Manchester Business School, United Kingdom
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Social Networking, Web Collaboration and e Participation in Crisis and Risk Managements	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1146
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	Author	Nancy Shank; Brian Sokol; Michelle Hayes; Cristina Vetrano
	Title	Human services data standards: Current progress and future vision in crisis response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	352-361
	Keywords	Air; Digital storage; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Information management; Information systems; Standards; Xml; Can; Data standards; Hmis; Homeless; Human services; Information and referral; Interoperability
	Abstract	Interorganizational coordination is crucial among human services providers responsible for responding to both personal and widespread crises. Too often, however, agencies providing disaster relief, shelter, and connection to other social service systems operate in information silos. Moreover, organizations that assist the same people may be duplicating services or ineffectively providing services to those in need. In the past, there has been no easy way for human service organizations to share information about clients, resources, and services. Over the last decade, distinct initiatives have begun to standardize data collection, storage, and transmission standards within human service domains. This paper describes several human services standards currently in use or under development in the United States and discusses how each support distinct, yet related, human service information management during disasters. The paper concludes with a call for the development of an overarching human services data interoperability standard.
	Address	University of Nebraska Public Policy Center, United States; Abt Assoc., Inc., United States; Cloudburst Group, United States; American Red Cross, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Information Systems for Humanitarian Operations	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	943
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	Author	Niels Netten; Maarten Van Someren
	Title	Identifying segments for routing emergency response dialogues			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	108-117
	Keywords	Information systems; Text messaging; Coarse-grained; Crisis management; Dialogue segmentations; Dynamic character; Emergency response; Segmentation methods; Spoken dialogue; Text routing; Emergency services
	Abstract	In crisis management situations information is exchanged in different ways. In general, information is exchanged through spoken dialogues or text messaging conversations. Part of this exchanged dialogue information is often relevant to other actors involved in managing the crisis. Due to the dynamic character of the situation, dialogue partners may not be aware of who else needs the exchanged information. We present a coarse-grained segmentation method for automatically recognizing coherent dialogue segments which are then used for routing. We investigate the effectiveness of our features for recognizing boundaries of segments on transcribed emergency response dialogues and we compare classification by relevance of the identified information segments to the ideal topic segments.
	Address	Human-Computer Studies Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Methods for Mitigating Information Overload	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	806
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	Author	Nitesh Bharosa; Marijn Janssen; Raghav H. Rao; JinKyu Lee
	Title	Adaptive information orchestration: Architectural principles improving information quality			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	556-565
	Keywords	Architecture; Information analysis; Information systems; Network architecture; Adaptivity; Architectural principles; Heterogeneous information sources; Information and technologies; Information architectures; Information quality; Orchestration; Rotterdam; Information management
	Abstract	Effective responsiveness to disasters requires the management of information in a network of autonomous response agencies. Yet, the information quality is often insufficient. Information is scattered throughout the network and needs to be collected from heterogeneous information sources. As such, adaptive information orchestration is the key to effective response. The aim of this paper is to develop a prescriptive, conceptual architecture guided by architectural principles for orchestration aimed at improving information quality. Information orchestration refers to an information architecture in which multiple orchestrators match information supply according to the information demand in order to assure a high information quality for relief workers. A primarily element is that information needs to be 'enriched' before it is provided to relief workers and necessary resources (human, information and technology) should be available to accomplish this. This should ensure that the right information will be delivered to the right persons at the right moment. Future research is aimed at detailing the concept of information orchestration.
	Address	Delft University of Technology, Netherlands; State University of New York, Buffalo, United States; Oklahoma State University, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Adaptive Information Architectures for Interagency Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	323
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	Author	Noah Goodman; Ron Langhelm
	Title	Passive disaster reporting through mobile social networking technology			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	711-712
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address	Booz Allen Hamilton, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Decentralized and Self-Organizing IT-Infrastructures for Crisis Response and Management	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	536
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	Author	Norman C. Hester; Jim Wilkinson; Stephen Patrick Horton; Theresa I. Jefferson
	Title	Integration of information systems for post earthquake research response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	362-367
	Keywords	Civil defense; Disasters; Knowledge based systems; Risk management; Earthquake research; Emergency management; Knowledge base; Natural disasters; New madrid seismic zones; Research activities; Research communities; Technical information; Earthquakes
	Abstract	Natural disasters occur infrequently, limiting our ability to develop an inclusive knowledge base concerning such events. The ability to study, interpret, and document findings immediately following a damaging seismic event, is a critical step in furthering our understanding of events, allowing for effective awareness, mitigation, response, and recovery efforts. In the central United States, a Post Earthquake Technical Information Clearinghouse (PETIC) Plan has been developed to coordinate research activities, and to facilitate collaboration between the emergency management and research communities. Because a damaging earthquake in the central U.S. will impact several states, a Multi-State Technical Information Clearinghouse (MSTIC) Coordination Plan to link state technical information clearinghouses (STICs) is proposed. This paper describes beginning efforts to define the role and functions of a MSTIC as well as formalize plans with emergency management agencies to facilitate collaboration and coordination between STICs, the MSTIC.
	Address	Association of CUSEC State Geologists, United States; Central United States Earthquake Consortium, United States; Center for Earthquake Research and Information, Univ. of Memphis, United States; Institute for Crisis, Disaster and Risk Management, GWU, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Improving Collaboration and Training	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	576
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	Author	Ola Leifler
	Title	Combining technical and human-centered strategies for decision support in command and control: The ComPlan approach			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	504-515
	Keywords	Cognitive systems; Decision support systems; Knowledge based systems; Collaborative command and control; Command and control; Conceptual frameworks; Constraint violation; Critiquing; Decision supports; Mixed-initiative planning; Technical research; Command and control systems
	Abstract	ComPlan (A Combined, Collaborative Command and Control Planning tool) is an approach to providing knowledge-based decision support in the context of command and control. It combines technical research on automated planning tools with human-centered research on mission planning. At its core, ComPlan uses interconnected views of a planning situation to present and manipulate aspects of a scenario. By using domain knowledge flexibly, it presents immediate and directly visible feedback on constraint violations of a plan, facilitates mental simulation of events, and provides support for synchronization of concurrently working mission planners. The conceptual framework of ComPlan is grounded on three main principles from human-centered research on command and control: transparency, graceful regulation, and event-based feedback. As a result, ComPlan provides a model for applying a human-centered perspective on plan authoring tools for command and control, and a demonstration for how to apply that model in an integrated plan-authoring environment.
	Address	Linköpings Universitet, Sweden
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Intelligent Systems for Crisis and Disaster Management	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	684
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	Author	Paola Di Maio
	Title	Ontologies for networked centric emergency mangement operations			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	177-188
	Keywords	Civil defense; Disasters; Network architecture; Ontology; Risk management; Semantics; Collective intelligences; Conceptual frameworks; Distributed operations; Emergency; Emergency management; Emergency operations; Network centric operations; Organizational structures; Information systems
	Abstract	Emergency Management, like other fields of Operations, consists of information, communication and decision making. Thanks to the pervasiveness of real time networked infrastructures, such as the internet and the web, new models of operations are emerging, designed to leverage the aggregate the power of 'collective intelligence' and 'distributed action' facilitated by 'open world' systems environments. In order to develop effective information systems capable of supporting the distributed nature of emerging 'architectures of participation', it is necessary to devise adequate 'semantic structures', which in turn rely on sound and explicit conceptual frameworks, such as ontologies. However, there aren't enough 'ontologies' in the public domain that can be referenced to establish compatibility of architectures and serve as guidelines for the development of open, neutral and accountable information systems. In this paper we a) describe and analyse the 'distributed' and 'networked' nature of emergency operations b) put forward the notion information systems to support of emergency management today should be modeled on 'distributed' and networked organizational structures, and that ontologies in this domain should be built accordingly.
	Address	School of Information Technology, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Ontologies for Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	445
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	Author	Peter H. Berghmans; Gerd Van Den Eede; Bartel A. Van De Walle
	Title	A systems perspective on security risk identification: Methodology and illustrations from city councils			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	266-275
	Keywords	Information systems; City council; IS security; Methodological frameworks; Methodology; Risk Identification; Security risks; Systems thinking; System theory
	Abstract	In this paper we take a system theoretic perspective to the process of security risk identification in the context of city councils. Based on this approach, we construct a framework that helps to identify risks. We analyze why this methodological framework is suitable for the risk identification process. Research in fifty Flemish city councils reveals the usefulness of our approach of combining a perceived vs. objective perspective with a technical vs. organizational one. We believe such a framework offers a workable tool for dealing with IS security risks in a systems thinking way.
	Address	Memori-KHMechelen, Belgium; University College Brussels, Belgium; Tilburg University, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Trust in Emergency Planning and Response	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	310
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	Author	Peter L. O'Dell
	Title	Communities of trust			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	265
	Keywords	Information systems; Security of data; Communications systems; Dissemination controls; Fundamental concepts; Information assurance; Information control; Information sharing systems; Operational continuity; Trust frameworks; Authentication
	Abstract	Effective response to emergency, security and operational continuity events generally requires cooperation across political, physical and technical boundaries. It's necessary, therefore, to use a communications system that enables people in heterogeneous organization to communicate effectively. Since 2002, Swan Island Networks has been developing an Internet-based information sharing system that links responsible people with the information necessary to make better decisions, and to each other. The system allows people to form “Communities of Trust”, in which all community members are known and authenticated. Each community is formed by a responsible Champion, who determines who can participate and what information will be shared within the community. In order for people to be willing to share, and to accept the information they receive as genuine, the community must operate in an environment of trust. This presentation outlines the fundamental concepts, methodologies and features for access and information control that create a trusted environment, particularly Authorization, Authentication and Audit (AAA). In the system discussed, AAA elements function together to create a comprehensive trust framework, and provide a contextually appropriate level of information assurance, data protection and dissemination control.
	Address	Swan Island Networks, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Trust in Emergency Planning and Response	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	812
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	Author	Philip Fei Wu; Yan Qu; Jennifer Preece; Kenneth R. Fleischmann; Jennifer Golbeck; Paul T. Jaeger; Ben Shneiderman
	Title	Community response grid (CRG) for a university campus: Design requirements and implications			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	34-43
	Keywords	Information systems; Social networking (online); Community participation; Community response; Crg; Emergency response; Emergency response systems; Participatory design; University campus; Web interface design; Emergency services
	Abstract	This paper describes the initial stages of the participatory design of a community-oriented emergency response system for a university campus. After reviewing related work and the current University emergency response system, this paper describes our participatory design process, discusses initial findings from a design requirement survey and from our interactions with different stakeholders, and proposes a Web interface design for a community response grid system. The prototyping of the system demonstrates the possibility of fostering a social-network-based community participation in emergency response, and also identifies concerns raised by potential users and by the professional responder community.
	Address	College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, United States; Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Social Networking, Web Collaboration and e Participation in Crisis and Risk Managements	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1105
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	Author	Raffaele Bruno; Marco Conti; Andrea Passarella
	Title	Opportunistic networking overlays for ICT services in crisis management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	689-701
	Keywords	Disaster prevention; Communication service; Context-aware systems; Critical infrastructure protection; First responders; Group mobility; ICT infrastructures; Information distributions; Opportunistic networking; Information systems
	Abstract	ICT infrastructures are a critical asset in today's Information society. Legacy telecommunication systems easily collapse in the face of disruptions due to security incidents or natural disasters. Hence, there is an urgent demand for new architectures and technologies ensuring a more efficient and dependable support for various security missions, such as disaster relief initiatives, first responder operations, critical infrastructure protection, etc. In this paper we advocate the opportunistic networking paradigm to build a self-organizing overlay ICT infrastructure for supporting dependable crisis management services. Our opportunistic framework to “glues together” surviving parts of the pre-existing infrastructure with networks deployed on-demand and users devices, and supports dependable distribution of coherent, updated, and non-contradictory information distribution. Finally, to show the potential advantages of our solution, we present initial results on the performance of different types of opportunistic infrastructures, by particularly highlighting the gains of context-aware systems.
	Address	IIT-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, I, Italy
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Decentralized and Self-Organizing IT-Infrastructures for Crisis Response and Management	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	348
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	Author	Rahele B. Dilmaghani; Ramesh R. Rao
	Title	A wireless mesh infrastructure deployment with application for emergency scenarios			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	484-494
	Keywords	Disasters; Equipment testing; Information systems; MESH networking; Communication infrastructure; Emergency communication; Field data; Heterogeneous environments; Infrastructure deployments; Performance evaluation; Real-world scenario; Reliable communication; Emergency services
	Abstract	When a disaster or emergency occurs, one of the most pressing needs is to establish a communication network for the first responders at the scene. Establishing and accessing a reliable communication infrastructure at a crisis site is crucial in order to have accurate and real-time exchange of information. Failure in the exchange of timely and crucial information or delay in allocating resources impedes early response efforts, potentially resulting in loss of life and additional economic impact. At a disaster site, the existing communication infrastructure may be damaged and therefore partially or totally unavailable; or, there may not have been previously existing infrastructure (as in the case of remote areas). A communication infrastructure within the context of emergency applications should be reliable, easily configurable, robust, interoperable in a heterogeneous environment with minimum interdependencies, and quickly deployable at low cost. A disaster scene is a chaotic environment which requires a systematic approach to abstract the system, study the flow of information and collaboration among different disciplines and jurisdictions to facilitate response and recovery efforts. We have deployed the wireless mesh infrastructure in several drills at the university campus and in the city as part of the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology (Calit2) NSF-funded RESCUE project (Responding to Crises and Unexpected Events). To evaluate network performance and identify the source(s) of bottleneck, we have captured the network traffic. The lessons learned from test bed evaluations of the network based on real-world scenarios can be applied to future applications to enhance the network design and performance.
	Address	Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, United States; UCSD Division of Calit2, San Diego, CA 92093-0436, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Information Coordination between Heterogeneous Emergency and Relief Agencies	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	451
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	Author	Sara Vieweg; Leysia Palen; Sophia B. Liu; Amanda L. Hughes; Jeannette N. Sutton
	Title	Collective intelligence in disaster: Examination of the phenomenon in the aftermath of the 2007 Virginia Tech Shooting			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	44-54
	Keywords	Disasters; Information systems; Collective intelligences; Crisis informatics; Distributed cognition; Facebook; Virginia Tech; Social networking (online)
	Abstract	We report on the results of an investigation about the “informal, ” public-side communications that occurred in the aftermath of the April 16, 2007 Virginia Tech (VT) Shooting. Our on-going research reveals several examples of on-line social interaction organized around the goal of collective problem-solving. In this paper, we focus on specific instances of this distributed problem-solving activity, and explain, using an ethnomethodological lens, how a loosely connected group of people can work together on a grave topic to provide accurate results.
	Address	ConnectivIT, Natural Hazards Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Social Networking, Web Collaboration and e Participation in Crisis and Risk Managements	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1051
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