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	Author	Patrick Storms
	Title	Combined systems: A system of systems architecture			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2004
	Volume		Issue		Pages	139-144
	Keywords	Decision making; Information systems; Multi agent systems; Crisis management; Current situation; Decision supports; Distributed decision support systems; Distributed systems architectures; Key technologies; Making decision; System-of-systems architecture; Decision support systems
	Abstract	Combined Systems is aimed at exploring distributed decision support systems in open, complex chaotic environments. On a general scale, Combined is all about decision-making: observing the environment, making decisions and effectuating these to manage the current situation. Crisis management is a typical domain in which Combined-type systems can prove their value. For this reason the Combined project uses crisis management as primary case-domain. In this paper we highlight the key technologies that are subject of the Combined research, and we describe them in the light of crisis management. Â© Proceedings ISCRAM 2004.
	Address	Delft Cooperation on Intelligent Systems (DECIS), Delftechpark 24, 2628 XH Delft, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971080	Medium
	Track	Emergency Response ICT	Expedition		Conference	1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	211
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	Author	Catrinel Turcanu; Benny Carlé; Philippe Vincke
	Title	Structuring stakeholders' involvement in radiological crisis management: A multicriteria decision aid approach for countermeasure evaluation			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2004
	Volume		Issue		Pages	115-120
	Keywords	Information systems; Risk management; Countermeasure strategies; Emergency response; Food chain; Multi-criteria decision aids; Nuclear emergencies; Potential benefits; Problem structuring; Stakeholders; Decision support systems
	Abstract	Stakeholders represent a valuable source of knowledge, which should be used in steering the emergency response during a radiological crisis. This can be achieved in a multi-criteria decision aid framework, the potential benefits of which are highlighted in the paper: consideration of all relevant factors, problem structuring, better insight in the decision process, and support for decision-makers to justify the chosen countermeasure strategies. Â© Proceedings ISCRAM 2004.
	Address	Management Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; Decision Strategy Research, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Mol, Belgium; Service de MathÃ©matiques de la Gestion, UniversitÃ© Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971080	Medium
	Track	Emergency Response Stakeholders and Cooperation	Expedition		Conference	1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	222
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	Author	Elina Valtonen; Ronja Addams-Moring; Teemupekka Virtanen; Antti Järvinen; Mikael Moring
	Title	Emergency announcements to mobile user devices in geographically defined areas			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2004
	Volume		Issue		Pages	151-156
	Keywords	Cellular telephones; Civil defense; Information systems; Mobile devices; Mobile phones; Communications networks; Data packet; GSM networks; Information contents; Mobile phone networks; Mobile users; Real-time location; Single point; Global system for mobile communications
	Abstract	When emergency announcements (EA) to a population in a crisis area are needed, avoiding single points of failure in the EA sending and forwarding systems is essential. We present a new concept, an extension to existing EA sending systems, which is based on real-time location information about mobile devices. Such a solution would increase the EA sending systems' robustness through redundancy and technology diversity. At the same time, these mobile emergency announcement (MEA) sending systems would increase the percentage of the threatened population that can be reached fast. The proposition is based on a set of requirements for EA sending systems, the most important of which turned out to be ensuring the authenticity and integrity of the EA information content. We found our preliminary results too optimistic: current GSM networks should not be used for sending EAs, as it is quite possible to forge SMS text messages, even to multiple GSM phones in a specific target area. The next generations of mobile phone networks (3G/UMTS and 4G) seem more promising, due to their packet-oriented architectures, as each data packet can be stamped with verifiable information about the source of the data. However, the development of communications networks with features compatible with MEA sending will demand that both authorities and independent experts take an active, early role in networks design right beside the commercial organisations. Â© Proceedings ISCRAM 2004.
	Address	Helsinki University of Technology (HUT), Telecommunications Software and Multimedia Laboratory, Finland; YLE – Finnish Broadcasting Company, STUK – Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Finland
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971080	Medium
	Track	Emergency Response ICT	Expedition		Conference	1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	224
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	Author	Marcel D.E Van Der Lee; Marcel Van Vugt
	Title	IMI – An information system for effective Multidisciplinary Incident Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2004
	Volume		Issue		Pages	15-19
	Keywords	Command and control systems; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Military applications; Command and control; Crisis response; Daily routines; Disaster management; Distributed operations; Electronics laboratories; Fire department; Incident Management; Information systems
	Abstract	The field of crisis response and disaster management can be characterized, upon many other factors, by distributed operations, not daily routine work and multidisciplinary aspects. In designing and developing information systems for crisis response these factors need special attention. On behalf of regional emergency services, TNO Physics and Electronics Laboratory designed and guided commissioning of the IMI project (Information System for Multidisciplinary Incident Management). Four regional fire departments in Zuid-Holland decided to develop the information system. The Rotterdam region was selected as project pilot. The IMI-project was carried out with experiences and a background of military command and control where the above three factors also play a major role. In this paper we will elaborate on the reasons behind the design of the functionalities of the IMI-system. Â© Proceedings ISCRAM 2004.
	Address	TNO Physics and Electronics Laboratory, P.O. Box 96864, 2509 JG, The Hague, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971080	Medium
	Track	Emergency Response Information Systems	Expedition		Conference	1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	229
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	Author	Remko Van Der Togt; Euro Beinat; Henk J. Scholten
	Title	Location-based emergency medicine: Medical Location Services for emergency management: Information and coordination of rescue resources			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2004
	Volume		Issue		Pages	45-50
	Keywords	Accidents; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Geographic information systems; Global positioning system; Health care; Information services; Information systems; Law enforcement; Location; Location based services; Radio; Risk management; Risks; Data quality; Emergency medicine; Handhelds; Mobile; Resource planning; Spatial informations; Triage; Information management
	Abstract	Crisis and disaster management in the Netherlands has made huge leaps forward in recent years with regard to different organisations trying to manage one or more aspects of the safety chain. This research focuses on the information structure of health care during disasters with an aim to improve disaster management and tries to answer the following question: How can location based services improve information services within health care during disasters? Through the use of literature and interviews this thesis describes how disaster management can be improved through the use of Location Based Services (LBS). The scope of this research is aimed at better understanding the organisational processes during somatic health care. By defining a case and on the basis of literature and interviews in the Province of Utrecht, it was possible to develop a three layer graph model (3LGM). This model shows an overview of information processes performed by the health care organisation during the first hour after an accident. In this context, the 3LGM model is used to obtain an overview of the quality of information processing in such a problem area. The organisational structure, which deals with disaster management, consists of a strong co-operation between the police, fire departments, the local government and the 'Medical Aid during Accidents and Disasters' (GHOR). The size of the organisation depends largely upon the scale of the disaster, however the current information structure is not suitable for storing and processing the information in an efficient and effective manner. The same applies when displaying information related to casualties and safety within an area. With the help of location based services consisting of, geographical information systems (GIS), global positioning systems (GPS) and second or third generation telecommunication technologies, the existing information structure can be optimised. Expected advantages are higher accessibility to health care, a safer environment for rescuers, more time for managing the healthcare processes and an improved interdisciplinary co-operation between the police, fire departments, the local government and the GHOR. Â© Proceedings ISCRAM 2004.
	Address	Spatial Information Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies, Free University, De Boelelaan 1087, Amsterdam, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971080	Medium
	Track	POSTER SESSION	Expedition		Conference	1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	230
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	Author	Richelle Van Rijk; Marcel Van Berlo
	Title	Using CrisisKit and MOPED to improve emergency management team training			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2004
	Volume		Issue		Pages	161-166
	Keywords	Civil defense; Disasters; Feedback; Information systems; Risk management; Distributed team training; Emergency management; Evaluation; Observers; Human resource management
	Abstract	In order to reduce the effects of a disaster, people in the emergency management organization have to be trained. In recent years training emergency management teams has become a bigger issue. A realistic and effective training of emergency management teams however is a difficult matter. We search for ways to improve this kind of training and to reduce the costs. In this paper two tools that can be used to improve emergency management training, CrisisKit and MOPED, will be discussed. Â© Proceedings ISCRAM 2004.
	Address	TNO Human Factors, Department of Training and Instruction, Kampweg 5, Soesterberg, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971080	Medium
	Track	Emergency Response Simulation and Training Systems	Expedition		Conference	1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	231
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	Author	Benny Carlé; Bartel A. Van De Walle
	Title	Welcome message from the ISCRAM2004 Workshop Chairs			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2004
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address	Tilburg University, Netherlands; SCK-CEN, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971080	Medium
	Track		Expedition		Conference	1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	375
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	Author	Eelco H. Dykstra
	Title	Welcome message from the Program Committee			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2004
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address	International Emergency Management, University of Kuopio, Finland
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971080	Medium
	Track		Expedition		Conference	1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	464
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	Author	B. Van de Walle; Benny Carlé
	Title	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management			Type	Conference Volume
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	The proceedings contain 49 papers. The topics discussed include: asynchronous negotiation and collaboration of software requirements for an emergency response information system: an empirical investigation; design considerations for information systems to support critical infrastructure management; incident command system: a developing national standard of incident management in the US; scaling-up support for emergency response organizations; shared use of information technology in emergency response work: results from a field experiment; learning and renewal following threat and crisis: the experience of a computer services firm in response to Y2K and 9/11; operational risk in incident management: a cross-fertilization between ISCRAM and IT governance; and airport security complexity : problems with the information system components.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	Proceeding	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	63
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	Author	Ronja Addams-Moring; Markku Kekkonen; Shushan Zhao
	Title	A simple taxonomy for mobile emergency announcement systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	309-316
	Keywords	Civil defense; Information systems; Mobile telecommunication systems; Taxonomies; Ad hoc MEA system; Crisis information; Disaster recovery; Incident Management; MEA system; Mobile emergency announcement system; Pre-planned MEA system; Public warning; Semi ad hoc MEA system; Information management
	Abstract	Mobile communications networks and devices can be and have been used by authorities to warn and instruct the general public during crises. However, our understanding of how mobile technologies could best be used for emergency announcements (public warnings) is currently limited. To clarify one part of this field of study, we define and describe a simple taxonomy for mobile emergency announcements (MEA) systems. The taxonomy has three categories: preplanned MEA systems, ad-hoc MEA systems and semi ad-hoc MEA systems. Differences in functional, security and other requirements were found between MEA systems belonging to different taxonomy categories, both concerning how each category of MEA systems can meet the common requirements, and concerning which requirements are the most important for each category of MEA systems. The differences between the categories were especially clear for these requirements: the understandability and credibility of the MEAs and the security of a MEA system.
	Address	Helsinki University of Technology, Finland; STUK – Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Finland
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	EMERGENCY ANNOUNCEMENT AND WARNING SYSTEMS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	253
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	Author	Gerd Van Den Eede; Bartel A. Van De Walle
	Title	Operational risk in incident management: A cross-fertilisation between ISCRAM and IT governance			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	53-60
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Decision support systems; Group theory; Information systems; Knowledge management; Mapping; Cognitive mapping; Financial institution; Incident Management; Iscram; IT governance; Learning organisation; Normal Accidents Theory; Operational risks; Reliability theory
	Abstract	The objectives of the research reported by the authors in this paper are threefold. First, the authors want to fine-tune the rresearch methodology on risk identification based on cognitive mapping techniques and group decision support systems (GDSS) developed earlier (Rutkowski et al., 2005). Second, the authors want to determine how High Reliability Theory (HRT) – through the characteristics of High Reliability Organisations (HROs) – can be applied in the particular organisational context of an important economic sector like banking. Third, the authors want to inquire into how Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management can benefit from experiences gained in a mainstream context. More specifically, the use of the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) methodology will be explored from the perspective of Incident Management as a sub-process of ICT management.
	Address	Vlekho Business School, Belgium; Tilburg University, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	228
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	Author	Ivan Boissières; Eric Marsden
	Title	Organizational factors of robustness			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	117-122
	Keywords	Information systems; Social networking (online); Dependability; Organizational factors; Organizational structures; Social interactions; Sociotechnical systems; Technical structures; Telecom operators; Telecoms supervision; Social sciences
	Abstract	In complex socio-technical systems, robustness is achieved through interaction between the technical structure of the system and the social and organizational structure of the operators who run the system. While the need for human oversight of complex systems is widely recognized, the impact of organizational factors on the effectiveness of the oversight function is not well understood. We have studied the social interactions between supervision and maintenance operators of the largest French telecom operator, using techniques from the sociology of organizations. Detailed analysis of the social network formed by these operators has allowed us to identify a number of factors that contribute positively or negatively to the robustness of the system.
	Address	Institute for an Industrial Safety Culture, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	RESEARCH METHODS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	336
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	Author	Catherine Lowry Campbell; Bartel A. Van De Walle; Fadi P. Deek
	Title	Asynchronous negotiation and collaboration of software requirements for an emergency response information system: An empirical investigation			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	5-11
	Keywords	Groupware; Information systems; Requirements engineering; Software engineering; Asynchronous communication; Collaborative softwares; Emergency Response Information Systems; Negotiation support; Software requirements; Emergency services
	Abstract	Negotiation and collaboration during the requirements stage of the software engineering process are fundamental to developing successful software products. Groups of stakeholders work together to come to agreement on the most important requirements to be sent forward for implementation. Distributed software engineering is becoming the norm rather than the exception, yet the requirements elicitation and definition process is normally conducted face to face. This paper describes an empirical study to investigate the relationship between structured task and specified negotiation steps within an asynchronous environment. The results reveal that these structures can have a positive impact on solution quality but a negative impact on process satisfaction, although following a negotiation sequence and task structure can help asynchronous groups come to agreement faster. Details of the experimental procedures, statistical analysis, and discussion of the results of the experiment are presented, as are suggestions for improving this work and a plan for future research.
	Address	New Jersey Institute of Technology, United States; Tilburg University, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	INFORMATION SYSTEMS DESIGN	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	364
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	Author	Benny Carlé; Gerd Van Den Eede; Anne-Francoise Rutkowski; Bartel A. Van De Walle
	Title	Post-tsunami crisis response and disaster recovery in Sri Lanka: Experiences from tilburg university student projects			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	281-282
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address	Nuclear Research Center SCK-CEN, Belgium; VLEKHO Business School, Brussels, Belgium; Tilburg University, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	EARLY WARNING AND RESPONSE: SPECIAL SESSION	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	376
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	Author	Emma Carter; Simon French
	Title	Nuclear emergency management in Europe: A review of approaches to decision making			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	247-259
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Civil defense; Communication; Decision support systems; Disasters; Information systems; Process engineering; Risk management; Emergency management; Inter-organizational network; Nuclear emergencies; Organizational structures; Process model; Process modelling; Decision making
	Abstract	The need for transparent and consistent decision making in nuclear emergency management across local, regional, national and international levels is well recognised. Several decision support systems have been developed to help achieve this; but, by and large, with little consultation with potential DMs and with limited understanding of the emergency management procedures across Europe and how they differ. This work, part of a European Fifth Framework project EVATECH, considers the application of process modelling to document and compare the emergency management process in four countries. We have observed that the four process models are substantially different in their organizational structure and identified differences in where decisions are made, the management of advice and the communication network style. This papers focus is on the results of the comparison and the implications for the design and use of decision support systems.
	Address	Manchester Business School, United Kingdom
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	NUCLEAR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	379
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	Author	Madhavi M. Chakrabarty; David Mendonça
	Title	Design considerations for information systems to support critical infrastructure management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	13-18
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Critical infrastructures; Decision support systems; Design; Public works; Software engineering; Cognitive science; Critical infrastructure systems; Design considerations; Infrastructure managements; Interdependent critical infrastructure systems; New York; Usa; Organizational dimensions; Software analysis; Information systems
	Abstract	This paper develops a set of design considerations for information systems to support the management of interdependent critical infrastructure systems. Constraints on how these systems are managed are oriented along technical, political and organizational dimensions, though objectives along these dimensions may conflict and thus be difficult to satisfy. This paper harnesses methodologies from software engineering and cognitive science in order to specify opportunities for using information systems to support human-centered management of critical infrastructure systems. The particular focus of this work is on developing information systems to support visualization and visual problem solving. Progress to date is discussed in terms of an ongoing research project which uses as a test-bed data associated with lower Manhattan (New York, USA).
	Address	New Jersey Institute of Technology, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	INFORMATION SYSTEMS DESIGN	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	383
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	Author	Suthep Chutiratanaphun; Rungsaridh Boonsin; Parida Kuneepong; Julalux Suttirod
	Title	Land use / land cover change by tsunami 2004 in Thailand: A case study at phi phi Island, Krabi Province and Ban Num Kem Village, Pang Nga Province			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	301-303
	Keywords	Aerial photography; Information systems; Land use; Landforms; Rural areas; Aerial photo interpretation; Coastal regions; Land cover; Land use/ land covers; Land-cover change; Thailand; Tsunamis
	Abstract	Aerial photo interpretation were utilized for monitoring land cover changes with emphasis on tsunami ravaged coastal regions in Phi Phi Island, Krabi Province and Ban Num Kem, Bang Muang, Pang Nga Province areas in the southern peninsula Thailand. All of the images acquired after the Dec 26/2004 tsunami hit, were analyzed and results were compared to image taken before to address the tsunami-affected communities' details. Results of interpretation show different land cover changes in different areas due to the former land cover/land use. It was also showed that aerial photo interpretation data are capable of identification on devastated areas with a high level of accuracy at scale of 1:25, 000. Special attention is given to a few examples of Ban Num Kem village in Takuepa District, Pang Nga Province and Phi Phi Island, Krabi Province.
	Address	Land use Analysis II, Office of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Land Development Department, Paholyotin Road, Chatuchack, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Information Center, Land Development Department, Thailand
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	EARLY WARNING AND RESPONSE: SPECIAL SESSION	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	399
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	Author	Marline Claessens; Nicolas Lewyckyj; Jane Biesemans; Jurgen Everaerts
	Title	Pegasus, a UAV project for disaster management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	233-236
	Keywords	Aircraft accidents; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Information systems; Remote sensing; Solar energy; Disaster management; Emergency situation; European governments; Geographical information; High resolution data; Local authorities; Technological researches; UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle); Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
	Abstract	The Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito) in Belgium has initiated in 2000 the PEGASUS (Policy support for European Governments by Acquisition of information from Satellite and UAV-borne Sensors) project which envisages the development of a solar powered UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) containing several types of instruments for remote sensing and flying at an altitude of about 20 km. The aircraft can be deployed rapidly in crisis situations and provide disaster managers with ~1 m resolution images (or better if required) of the affected area. High quality data shall be received in less than half an hour from a mobile ground station that is in direct contact with the UAV, which can operate as long as requested by the user. The PEGASUS HALE-UAV is a flexible and cost-effective tool that will allow officials and local authorities to dispose quickly over relevant geographical information in an emergency situation. The first demonstration flight of the PEGASUS HALE-UAV shall take place in the summer of 2005 over Flanders.
	Address	Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito), Centre for Remote Sensing and Earth Observation (TAP), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	400
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	Author	Erman Coskun; Jessica Hoey
	Title	Airport security complexity: Problems with the information system components			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	61-66
	Keywords	Information systems; Security systems; Complexity; Implementation process; Safety critical systems; September 11; Airport security
	Abstract	Airport security is a very relevant, diverse, and complex system in any country. September 11th made this issue an increasing concern for almost every country in the world. Prior to September 11th the media, watchdog groups, and commissions established by the United States Congress, were adamant that airport security had major flaws. Currently many countries are revamping their airport security systems. The U.S. and other governments are implementing many new systems and procedures. There are numerous potential pitfalls with this implementation process and these new systems will have impacts on the public. For example, these systems could reduce freedom, still be flawed, and affect the economy. The primary intents of this paper are to classify airport security as a complex large-scale safety-critical system, to discuss what make airports so complex, describe the information systems that are involved with such systems, and discuss the impacts on the people involved.
	Address	Sakarya University Business Department, Sakarya, Turkey; LeMoyne College Business Department, Syracuse, NY, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	COMPLEXITY and INTEROPERABILITY	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	416
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	Author	Martine Couturier; Edith Wilkinson
	Title	Open advanced system for improved crisis management (OASIS)			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	283-286
	Keywords	Civil defense; Disasters; Information systems; Risk management; Advanced systems; Crisis management; Emergency management systems; Emergency operations; European Commission; Flexible architectures; Information society technologies; Strategic objectives; Management information systems
	Abstract	The OASIS Project addresses the Strategic objective 2.3.2.9, “Improving Risk Management”, of the second call for tender of the European Commission FP6 Information Society Technologies program. The objective of OASIS is to define and develop an Information Technology (IT) framework based on an open and flexible architecture and using standards that will be the basis of a European Emergency Management system. OASIS is intended to facilitate the cooperation between the information systems used by civil protection organisations, in a local, regional, national or international environment. This Disaster and Emergency Management system aims to support the response operations in the case of large scale as well as local emergencies.
	Address	EADS DS SA, United Kingdom; CRANFIELD University, United Kingdom
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	EARLY WARNING AND RESPONSE: SPECIAL SESSION	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	417
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	Author	Sébastien Delhay; Mahamadou Idrissa; Vinciane Lacroix
	Title	PARADIS: GIS tools for humanitarian demining			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	213-219
	Keywords	Bombs (ordnance); Geographic information systems; Information systems; Remote sensing; Agricultural fields; Contaminated areas; Humanitarian demining; Landmine; Paradis; Socio-economic impacts; Unexploded ordnance; Uxo; Satellite imagery
	Abstract	Landmines and UXO (UneXploded Ordnance1) represent a constant and long-lasting threat to the life of millions of individuals. Moreover, these weapons have a strong socio-economic impact on contaminated countries as they involve serious effects as the loss of agricultural fields or access to water. Demining is a critical issue since contaminated areas are large and their clearance often requires investing much time and money into it. It is then fundamental to manage demining activities in an efficient manner. PARADIS 2 is a tool dedicated to Mine Action and helps demining campaigns planners take rational decisions. It fits the needs of all campaign actors, as it is based on the tasks assigned to both the campaign planner and the field operator. The tool is built upon GIS technology and uses satellite imagery as a substitute for background maps, in order to represent all data involved in demining in their most explicit form: a map.
	Address	Signal And Image Center (SIC), Royal Military Academy (RMA), 30, avenue de la Renaissance, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	441
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	Author	Gary Eifried
	Title	A model describing a response to a terrorism incident			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	125-127
	Keywords	Information systems; Military equipment; Models; Emergency response; Incident response; Information flows; Weapons of mass destructions; Wmd; Terrorism
	Abstract	Understanding how the response to an incident of terrorism involving a Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) transpires is essential to understanding the necessary flow of information within that response. A model describing incident response functions overlaid on a realistic timeline is presented.
	Address	EAI Corporation, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	POSTER SESSION	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	471
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	Author	Klaus Granica; Thomas Nagler; Markus M. Eisl; Mathias Schardt; Helmut Rott
	Title	Satellite remote sensing data for an alpine related disaster management GIS			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	221-232
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Decision support systems; Disaster prevention; Information systems; Interferometry; Observatories; Satellites; Transportation routes; Change detection; Digital terrain model; Disaster management; Dss; Earth observations; GIS based decision support systems; Satellite remote sensing; Satellite remote sensing data; Disasters
	Abstract	Natural disasters are an age-old problem that occur regularly in alpine regions, posing a major threat to the safety of settlements and transport routes. Within the project “Safety of Alpine Routes – Application of Earth Observation Combined with GIS (Hannibal)”, financed by the Ministry of Transport and Innovation, information relevant for disaster management has been extracted from satellite remote sensing and integrated into a newly developed GIS based Decision Support System (DSS). Some of the required map information were inferred from ERS- or from SPOT5- and QUICKBIRD satellites, others were taken from conventional data sources such as maps or Digital Terrain Models.
	Address	JOANNEUM Research, Austria; ENVEO, Austria; GEOSPACE, Austria
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	542
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	Author	Tim J. Grant
	Title	Integrating sensemaking and response using planning operator induction			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	89-96
	Keywords	Information systems; Planning; Continental US; Crisis situations; Emergency response; Induction; Planning operators; Sensemaking; September 11; STRIPS operator; Emergency services
	Abstract	Emergency response managers often try to prepare plans in advance of foreseeable crises. However, pre-prepared plans almost never fit the precise situation when an actual crisis arises. This paper focuses on what can be done once the plan has been found to be a mismatch with the actual situation, and particularly on sensemaking and its integration into generating a response to a crisis situation. This paper proposes planning operator induction as a suitable technique. The Air Traffic Control and military air defence situation over the continental US on September 11, 2001, serves as the illustrative application. Since the paper reports research in progress, it closes by outlining the additional functionality that will have to be added to the existing POI implementation to produce a sensemaking tool.
	Address	Royal Netherlands Military Academy, P.O. Box 900.02, 4800 PA Breda, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	RESEARCH METHODS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	547
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	Author	Qing Gu; David Mendonça
	Title	Patterns of group information-seeking in a simulated emergency response environment			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	109-116
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Decision support systems; Information retrieval; Information systems; Information use; Emergency response; Emergency situation; Expertise; Information seeking; Information seeking behaviors; Emergency services
	Abstract	Groups in emergency response environment may be confronted with problems that cannot be solved by following predefined procedures. They must therefore engage in a collective search for relevant information, cooperating and collaborating as they move towards the deadline. Information technologies and expertise may help shape group information seeking and determine its effectiveness. By understanding how response personnel search for information in emergencies and extending the findings to determine demands on information systems, we may begin to understand how to support and train for skillful information seeking in emergency situations. Accordingly, this research evaluates the impact of decision support systems and member expertise on group information-seeking behavior in a simulated emergency response environment. The results of the evaluation are then used to identify how information technologies may further support information seeking in emergency response.
	Address	Information Systems Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	RESEARCH METHODS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	552
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