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Author |
Trishan R. De Lanerolle; Ralph A. Morelli; Norman Danner; Danny Krizanc; Gary Parker; Ozgur Izmirli |
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Title |
Creating an academic community to build Humanitarian FOSS: A progress report |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2008 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
337-341 |
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Keywords |
Information systems; Scheduling; Software engineering; Students; Academic; Collaborations; Foss; H-Foss; Humanitarian; Open sources; Open source software |
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Abstract |
This paper describes The Humanitarian FOSS Project, a National Science Foundation funded effort to help revitalize undergraduate computing education by getting students and faculty involved in building open source software that benefits the community. |
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Address |
Trinity College, Hartford CT, United States; Wesleyan University, Middletown CT, United States; Connecticut College, New London CT, United States |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780615206974 |
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Track |
Information Systems for Humanitarian Operations |
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Conference |
5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
437 |
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Author |
Philip Fei Wu; Yan Qu; Jennifer Preece; Kenneth R. Fleischmann; Jennifer Golbeck; Paul T. Jaeger; Ben Shneiderman |
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Title |
Community response grid (CRG) for a university campus: Design requirements and implications |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2008 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
34-43 |
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Keywords |
Information systems; Social networking (online); Community participation; Community response; Crg; Emergency response; Emergency response systems; Participatory design; University campus; Web interface design; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
This paper describes the initial stages of the participatory design of a community-oriented emergency response system for a university campus. After reviewing related work and the current University emergency response system, this paper describes our participatory design process, discusses initial findings from a design requirement survey and from our interactions with different stakeholders, and proposes a Web interface design for a community response grid system. The prototyping of the system demonstrates the possibility of fostering a social-network-based community participation in emergency response, and also identifies concerns raised by potential users and by the professional responder community. |
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Address |
College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, United States; Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, United States |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780615206974 |
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Track |
Social Networking, Web Collaboration and e Participation in Crisis and Risk Managements |
Expedition |
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Conference |
5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1105 |
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Author |
Alec Pawling; Tim Schoenharl; Ping Yan; Greg Madey |
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Title |
WIPER: An emergency response system |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2008 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
702-710 |
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Keywords |
Data mining; Geographic information systems; Information systems; Agent based simulation; Emergency response; Emergency response systems; Emergency situation; Integrated systems; Running simulations; Simulation systems; Web-based front end; Financial data processing |
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Abstract |
This paper describes the WIPER system, a proof of concept prototype, and progress made on its development to date. WIPER is intended to provide emergency response managers with an integrated system that detects possible emergencies from cellular communication data, attempts to predict the development of emergency situations, and provides tools for evaluating possible courses of action in dealing with emergency situations. We describe algorithms for detecting anomalies in streaming cellular communication network data, the implementation of a simulation system that validates running simulations with new real world data, and a web-based front end to the WIPER system. We also discuss issues relating to the real-time aggregation of data from the cellular service provider and its distribution to components of the WIPER system. |
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Address |
Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46656, United States |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780615206974 |
Medium |
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Track |
Decentralized and Self-Organizing IT-Infrastructures for Crisis Response and Management |
Expedition |
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Conference |
5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
836 |
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Author |
Michael J. Marich; Thomas A. Horan; Benjamin Schooley |
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Title |
Understanding IT governance within the San Mateo County Emergency Medical Service agency |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2008 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
451-461 |
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Keywords |
Architecture; Information services; Information systems; Architectural quality; Emergency medical services; Emergency response systems; Governance; Information and technologies; Organizational dimensions; Public and private sector; Time-critical; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
This paper examines inter-organizational governance within the context of a County wide Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system. Through a case study approach that included an action research methodology, this paper reports research findings on how one multi-organizational EMS system in California designed a process to establish an inter-organizational IT governance structure. The process resulted in EMS stakeholders defining architectural qualities that could be used to drive the EMS enterprise to a higher level of architecture maturity. That is, away from inherent business silos and towards greater levels of standardization and integration of information and technology across all stakeholder groups. The San Mateo County, CA Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system provided the case study context to better understand characteristics of a high performing emergency response system. The unique governance structure of this case allowed researchers to formulate a preliminary understanding of what IT governance is within this context and how it plays a role within private and not-for-profit sector large-scale, inter-organizational, emergency response systems. We applied the time critical information services (TCIS) framework to the specific setting of the San Mateo EMS strategic redesign initiative. The TCIS framework was used to drive roundtable discussions and in addition to obtaining a better understanding of the governance dimension, much was also learned about the operational and organizational dimensions of a high performing emergency response system. From these discussions, a set of 11 key findings were developed in order to guide the county's procurement strategy and future strategic direction. The impact of these findings is that they will be used to formulate public and private sector service contracts that will remain in effect for the next 10 years. |
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Address |
Claremont Graduate University, United States |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780615206974 |
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Track |
Information Coordination between Heterogeneous Emergency and Relief Agencies |
Expedition |
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Conference |
5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
743 |
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Author |
Frédérick Bénaben; Chihab Hanachi; Matthieu Lauras; Pierre Couget; Vincent Chapurlat |
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Title |
A metamodel and its ontology to guide crisis characterization and its collaborative management |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2008 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
189-196 |
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Keywords |
Characterization; Hardware; Ontology; Automated reasoning; Collaborative management; Collaborative process; Crisis; Crisis management; Metamodeling; Reference modeling; System of systems; Information systems |
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Abstract |
This paper presents a research in progress about the French ISyCri project that aims at providing partners involved in crisis management with an agile Mediation Information System (MIS). Not only this MIS shoul support the interoperability of the partners' information systems but it is also dedicated to coordinate their activities through a collaborative process. One of the first and main steps towards such a MIS, is to elaborate a common and sharable reference model built to characterize crisis situations. Such a model is also an input for automated reasoning to elaborate and adapt a crisis solving collaborative process. This article presents the objective of the project, our approach and our first results: a UML metamodel of crisis situation and its corresponding OWL ontology on top of which deductions are possible. |
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Address |
Université de Toulouse, Mines ALBI, DR/GI, France; Université de Toulouse 1, France; Prefecture du Tarn, France; Ecole des Mines D'Alès, LGI2P, France |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780615206974 |
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Track |
Ontologies for Crisis Management |
Expedition |
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Conference |
5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
301 |
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Author |
Cindy Hui; Mark Goldberg; Malik Magdon-Ismail; William A. Wallace |
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Title |
Micro-simulation of diffusion of warnings |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2008 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
424-430 |
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Keywords |
Information systems; Models; Social networking (online); Axiomatic framework; Diffusion process; Model parameters; Network structures; Simulation; Social network structures; Warning messages; Warnings; Diffusion |
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Abstract |
This paper presents a unique view of modeling the diffusion of warnings in social networks where the network structure may change over time. Since the characteristics and actions of people in a community have significant influence on the flow of information through a network, we present an axiomatic framework for modeling the diffusion process through the concept of trust. This ongoing work provides a micro level view of the behavior of individuals and groups in a community. Preliminary experiments were made to explore how model parameters such as trust and the social network structure affect warning message belief and evacuation. |
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Address |
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, United States |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780615206974 |
Medium |
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Track |
Early Warning Systems |
Expedition |
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Conference |
5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
606 |
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Author |
Dragos Datcu; Leon J.M. Rothkrantz |
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Title |
A Dialog Action Manager for automatic crisis management |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2008 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
384-393 |
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Keywords |
Bayesian networks; Information systems; Management information systems; Mobile devices; Safe handling; Automatic systems; Crisis management; Crisis management systems; Crisis situations; Data-communication; Reasoning; System architectures; System knowledge; Managers |
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Abstract |
This paper presents the results of our research on the development of a Dialog Action Manager-DAM as part of a complex crisis management system. Imagine the utility of such an automatic system to detect the crisis and to provide support to people in contexts similar to what happened recently at the underground in London and Madrid. Preventing and handling the scenarios of terrorism and other crisis are nowadays maybe the most important issues for a modern and safe society. In order to automate the crisis support, DAM simulates the behavior of an employee at the crisis centre handling telephone calls from human observers. Firstly, the system has to mimic the natural support for the paradigm 'do you hear me?' and next for the paradigm 'do you understand me?'. The people witnessing the crisis event as well as human experts provide reports and expertise according to their observations and knowledge on the crisis. The system knowledge and the data communication follow the XML format specifications. The system is centered on the results of our previous work on creating a user-centered multimodal reporting tool that works on mobile devices. In our paper we describe the mechanisms for creating an automatic DAM system that is able to analyze the user messages, to identify and track the crisis contexts, to support dialogs for crisis information disambiguation and to generate feedback in the form of advice to the users. The reasoning is done by using a data frame and rule based system architecture and an alternative Bayesian Network approach. In the paper we also present a series of experiments we have attempted in our endeavor to correctly identify natural solutions for the crisis situations. |
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Address |
Man-Machine Interaction Group, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD, Delft, Netherlands |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780615206974 |
Medium |
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Track |
Observation Systems in Crisis Situations |
Expedition |
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Conference |
5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
424 |
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Author |
André Sabino; Rui Nóbrega; Armanda Rodrigues; Nuno Correia |
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Title |
Life-saver: Flood emergency simulator |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2008 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
724-733 |
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Keywords |
Computer simulation; Data visualization; Human computer interaction; Information systems; Verification; Agent based simulation; Agent-based approach; Crisis response; Emergency plans; Emergency situation; GIS Integration; Simulation platform; Validation process; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
This paper proposes an agent-based simulation system for Dam Break Emergency Plan validation. The proposed system shows that integrating GIS data with an agent-based approach provides a successful simulation platform for the emergency plan validation process. Possible strategies to emergency plan modeling and representation are discussed, proposing a close relation with the actual workflow followed by the entities responsible for the plan's specification. The simulation model is mainly concerned with the location-based and location-motivated actions of the involved agents, describing the likely effects of a specific emergency situation response. The simulator architecture is further described, based on the correspondence between the representation of the plan, and the simulation model. This includes the involving characteristics of the simulation, the simulation engine, the description of the resulting data (for the later evaluation of the emergency plan) and a visualization and interaction component, enabling the dynamic introduction of changes in the scenario progression. |
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Address |
IMG (Interactive Multimedia Group), DI and CITI/FCT, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780615206974 |
Medium |
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Track |
Geographic Information Science |
Expedition |
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Conference |
5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
902 |
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Author |
Mark P. Haselkorn |
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Title |
Towards a research program in Humanitarian Service Science & Engineering |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2008 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
797-799 |
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Keywords |
Hardware; Community buildings; Complex environments; Government services; Modeling methodology; National Science Foundations; Quantitative methodology; Research programs; Service science; Information systems |
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Abstract |
This paper provides a brief history of recent activity fostered by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) that has lead to ongoing discussion, investigation, analysis and community building around an area being called “Humanitarian Service Science and Engineering” (HSS&E). HSS&E is an extension of market-based “service science” into humanitarian and government service areas where there is a less clear and more complex “customer/provider” relationship; where criteria for optimization extend beyond single, relatively straightforward criteria such as efficiency or cost to include numerous, often competing goals involving complex areas such as politics, social justice and values; and where fundamental infrastructure such as power, transportation and communication cannot be assumed. HSS&E explores the applicability of existing modeling methodologies to this expanded, more complex environment of service science and engineering, and in doing so has identified the need for an integration of qualitative and quantitative methodologies beyond that which currently exists. |
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Address |
Department of Technical Communication, United States; Pacific Rim Visualization and Analytics Center, United States; Interdisciplinary Program on Humanitarian Relief, United States |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780615206974 |
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Track |
Panel |
Expedition |
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Conference |
5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
562 |
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Author |
Christine Owen; Jan Douglas; Gregory Hickey |
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Title |
Information flow and teamwork in Incident Control Centers |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2008 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
742-751 |
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Keywords |
Fires; Information systems; Personnel training; Surveys; Conference sessions; Incident Management; Incident management team; Information flows; Quality of interaction; Teamwork; Training simulation; Wildfire; Human resource management |
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Abstract |
This paper reports research in progress into a study of information flow and teamwork in Incident Management Teams (IMTs) in Australia. The research project, funded by the Bushfire Co-operative Research Centre. The overall research design includes interviews with experienced personnel, observations of real-time incidents and training simulations and a national questionnaire of incident management practices. Data reported in this conference session will focus on a sample of observation data conducted in two training simulations of a wildfire incident. Observations were video recorded and key IMT members wore lapel microphones. Video data has been coded for use of artifacts (e.g., maps, status boards) and room movement. Audio data has been coded for by the quantity and quality of interactions within and between IMT functions. The presentation aims to contribute to an understanding of what enables and constrains effective teamwork and information flow within Incident Control Centers (ICCs) in Australia. |
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Address |
Bushfire Co-operative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Australia |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780615206974 |
Medium |
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Track |
Studies of Command and Control Systems |
Expedition |
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Conference |
5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
824 |
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Author |
Shoshana Altschuller; Raquel Benbunan-Fich |
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Title |
Potential antecedents to trust in ad hoc emergency response virtual teams |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2008 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
254-264 |
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Keywords |
Information systems; Emergency response; Impression formation; Self-awareness; Self-disclosure; Social presence; Trust; Virtual team; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
This research explores the potential determinants of trust in newly formed virtual teams to better inform the choice of communication media for virtual emergency response groups for which interpersonal trust is crucial. Results of a laboratory experiment indicate that the way that communicants view their teammates and themselves as part of that team is significantly correlated with the level of trust that they experience. Impression formation, public self-awareness, perceived social presence, and self-disclosure are all found to have significant correlations with trust among ad hoc teammates. It is therefore recommended that the design of emergency response communication systems include features to foster these feelings thereby promoting trust among teammates. Our results are applicable to ad hoc emergency teams who interact for a period of time to address relief and recovery efforts after a major disaster or emergency. |
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Address |
Iona College, United States; Baruch College, CUNY, United States |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780615206974 |
Medium |
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Track |
Trust in Emergency Planning and Response |
Expedition |
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Conference |
5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
263 |
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Author |
Louis-Francis Pau; Peter Simonsen |
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Title |
Emergency messaging to general public via public wireless networks |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2008 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
3-11 |
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Keywords |
Economic and social effects; Information systems; Wireless networks; Denmark; Emergency; Emergency situation; Emergency warnings; End user requirements; Mobile penetrations; Short messaging service; Sms; Message passing |
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Abstract |
Warnings to the broad population in an emergency situation, irrespective of location and condition, is a public policy responsibility. Public wireless networks offer now the opportunity to deliver emergency warnings in this way with explanations, because in many countries the mobile penetration rates and coverage are higher than any other access form. The paper summarizes the analysis of the selection process between Short messaging services (SMS) and Cell Broadcast (CB) messaging in the context of Denmark based on end user requirements, stakeholder roles and case-based analysis. It demonstrates the many technical, cost-benefit and other trade-offs needed in supporting the population now with a dependable and wide-spread technology. This research is the basis for a national policy. |
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Address |
Rotterdam School of Management and Copenhagen Business School, Netherlands; Accenture Denmark AS, Denmark |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780615206974 |
Medium |
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Track |
Communication Systems and Technologies for Crisis and Disaster Response |
Expedition |
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Conference |
5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
833 |
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Author |
Sara Vieweg; Leysia Palen; Sophia B. Liu; Amanda L. Hughes; Jeannette N. Sutton |
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Title |
Collective intelligence in disaster: Examination of the phenomenon in the aftermath of the 2007 Virginia Tech Shooting |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2008 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
44-54 |
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Keywords |
Disasters; Information systems; Collective intelligences; Crisis informatics; Distributed cognition; Facebook; Virginia Tech; Social networking (online) |
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Abstract |
We report on the results of an investigation about the “informal, ” public-side communications that occurred in the aftermath of the April 16, 2007 Virginia Tech (VT) Shooting. Our on-going research reveals several examples of on-line social interaction organized around the goal of collective problem-solving. In this paper, we focus on specific instances of this distributed problem-solving activity, and explain, using an ethnomethodological lens, how a loosely connected group of people can work together on a grave topic to provide accurate results. |
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Address |
ConnectivIT, Natural Hazards Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780615206974 |
Medium |
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Track |
Social Networking, Web Collaboration and e Participation in Crisis and Risk Managements |
Expedition |
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Conference |
5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1051 |
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Author |
Nan Zhang; Clare Bayley; Simon French |
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Title |
Use of web-based group decision support for crisis management |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2008 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
55-58 |
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Keywords |
Artificial intelligence; Information systems; Websites; Collaboration; Crisis management; Crisis situations; Distributed decision making; Group decision supports; Small-scale experiment; Web-based group decision support system (wGDSS); Decision support systems |
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Abstract |
Web-based group decision support systems (wGDSS) are becoming more common in organizations. In this paper, we provide a review and critique of the literature on wGDSS, raising a number of issues that need addressing. Then we report on a small scale experiment using Groupsystems ThinkTank to manage an issue to do with food safety. We also describe how we propose to use ThinkTank in a crisis situation. |
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Address |
Manchester Business School, United Kingdom |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780615206974 |
Medium |
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Track |
Social Networking, Web Collaboration and e Participation in Crisis and Risk Managements |
Expedition |
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Conference |
5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1146 |
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Author |
Alessio Malizia; Francisco Astorga-Paliza; Teresa Onorati; Paloma Díaz; Ignacio Aedo |
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Title |
Emergency alerts for all: An ontology based approach to improve accessibility in emergency alerting systems |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2008 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
197-207 |
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Keywords |
Disaster prevention; Disasters; Information systems; Accessibility; Accessibility guidelines; Communication device; Disaster management; Emergency Response Information Systems; Emergency response systems; Emergency scenario; Emergency system; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
When a disaster occurs it is critical that emergency response information systems share a common ontology to support their disaster management alerting functions and notifications. Notifications are critical when an emergency scenario is going to happen (e.g. a typhoon approaching) so it is crucial, for emergency systems, to be able to transmit them to all kinds of recipients. An ontology was developed by investigating different sources: accessibility guidelines, emergency response systems, communication devices and technologies, taking into account the different abilities of people to react to different alarms (e.g. mobile phone vibration as an alarm for deaf people). We think that the proposed ontology addresses the information needs for sharing and integrating emergency notification messages and contents over different emergency response information systems and to be accessible under different conditions and for different kind of users. |
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Address |
Departamento de Informática, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780615206974 |
Medium |
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Track |
Ontologies for Crisis Management |
Expedition |
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Conference |
5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
740 |
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Author |
Rahele B. Dilmaghani; Ramesh R. Rao |
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Title |
A wireless mesh infrastructure deployment with application for emergency scenarios |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2008 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
484-494 |
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Keywords |
Disasters; Equipment testing; Information systems; MESH networking; Communication infrastructure; Emergency communication; Field data; Heterogeneous environments; Infrastructure deployments; Performance evaluation; Real-world scenario; Reliable communication; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
When a disaster or emergency occurs, one of the most pressing needs is to establish a communication network for the first responders at the scene. Establishing and accessing a reliable communication infrastructure at a crisis site is crucial in order to have accurate and real-time exchange of information. Failure in the exchange of timely and crucial information or delay in allocating resources impedes early response efforts, potentially resulting in loss of life and additional economic impact. At a disaster site, the existing communication infrastructure may be damaged and therefore partially or totally unavailable; or, there may not have been previously existing infrastructure (as in the case of remote areas). A communication infrastructure within the context of emergency applications should be reliable, easily configurable, robust, interoperable in a heterogeneous environment with minimum interdependencies, and quickly deployable at low cost. A disaster scene is a chaotic environment which requires a systematic approach to abstract the system, study the flow of information and collaboration among different disciplines and jurisdictions to facilitate response and recovery efforts. We have deployed the wireless mesh infrastructure in several drills at the university campus and in the city as part of the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology (Calit2) NSF-funded RESCUE project (Responding to Crises and Unexpected Events). To evaluate network performance and identify the source(s) of bottleneck, we have captured the network traffic. The lessons learned from test bed evaluations of the network based on real-world scenarios can be applied to future applications to enhance the network design and performance. |
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Address |
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, United States; UCSD Division of Calit2, San Diego, CA 92093-0436, United States |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780615206974 |
Medium |
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Track |
Information Coordination between Heterogeneous Emergency and Relief Agencies |
Expedition |
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Conference |
5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
451 |
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Author |
Connie White; Starr Roxanne Hiltz; Murray Turoff |
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Title |
United we respond: One community, one voice |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2008 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
25-33 |
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Keywords |
Information systems; Knowledge acquisition; Virtual reality; Communities of Practice; Community of practice; Cross-border; Delphi system; Emergency response; Emergency situation; Federal governments; Virtual community; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
When emergency situations cross borders, or when newly formed groups need to work together, decision making can suffer from threat rigidity and pertinent information can be bypassed. We describe a Dynamic Delphi system under development that can create and sustain a group “voice” for an emergency response Community of Practice (CoP). We further describe its intended use for a CoP consisting of local, state and federal government responders, civilian emergency response teams (CERT), and volunteers. Community members can brainstorm, explore ideas, debate and vote iteratively to best reflect the group's opinion at any moment in time. Ongoing studies demonstrate that an online system implementing Dynamic Delphi characteristics along with Thurstone's Law of Comparative Judgment will prove conducive for building a repertoire of ideas, rules, policies or any other aspect of the community's 'voice', in such a way that the individual voices are juxtaposed in harmony to create a single song. |
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Address |
Information Systems Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780615206974 |
Medium |
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Track |
Social Networking, Web Collaboration and e Participation in Crisis and Risk Managements |
Expedition |
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Conference |
5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1080 |
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Author |
Aviv Segev |
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Title |
Adaptive ontology use for crisis knowledge representation |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2008 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
285-293 |
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Keywords |
Information systems; Ontology; Risk management; Crisis situations; Emergency management; Information mapping; Katrina; Ontology model; Quick response; Real time; Relief efforts; Knowledge representation |
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Abstract |
While a crisis requires quick response of emergency management factors, ontology is generally represented in a static manner. Therefore, an adaptive ontology for crisis knowledge representation is needed to assist in coordinating relief efforts in different crisis situations. The paper describes a method of ontology modeling that modifies the ontology in real time during a crisis according to the crisis surroundings. An example of ontology use based on a sample Katrina crisis blog is presented. |
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Address |
National Chengchi University, Taiwan |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780615206974 |
Medium |
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Track |
Ontologies for Crisis Management |
Expedition |
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Conference |
5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
934 |
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