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	Author	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Title	17th ISCRAM Conference Proceedings			Type	Conference Volume
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings � 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-1193
	Keywords
	Abstract	The 17th annual conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2020) was scheduled to be held in Blacksburg, Virginia from May 24th-27th, 2020. Unfortunately, due to the widespread impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, the conference organizers and the ISCRAM Board decided to postpone the conference until May 2021. Even though we could not hold the conference as originally planned, all papers accepted for presentation at ISCRAM 2020 are published in the conference proceedings presented here, and the authors of these papers will have the opportunity to present their papers at the 2021 conference. The 2021 conference will once again be hosted at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia, and it will take place during the week of May 23rd, 2021. The theme of ISCRAM 2020 is �Bringing Disaster Resilience into Focus.� These proceedings seek to highlight resilience in Crisis and Emergency Management and to stimulate discussions that enable the design of crisis and emergency management systems that contribute to more resilient organizations and communities. We are pleased to present the accepted papers for ISCRAM 2020, which consist of excellent contributions on a wide range of topics.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-92	ISBN	2411-3478	Medium
	Track	Proceedings	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	2307
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	Author	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel (eds)
	Title	18th ISCRAM Conference Proceedings			Type	Conference Volume
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	The theme of ISCRAM 2021 is ?Embracing the Interdisciplinary Nature of Crisis Management.? These proceedings highlight the range of interdisciplinary research required to understand the design, behavior, and performance of crisis and emergency management systems. We are pleased to present the included papers, which offer excellent contributions on a wide range of topics related to the use of information systems in crisis response and management.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-1-949373-61-5	Medium
	Track	Proceedings	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2396
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	Author	Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand
	Title	19th ISCRAM Conference Proceedings			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2022	Publication	ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2022
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-1080
	Keywords
	Abstract	The theme of ISCRAM 2022 was The Future Vision of Large-scale Crisis Management in a Post-COVID World. These proceedings highlight the range of interdisciplinary research required to understand the design, behavior, and performance of crisis and emergency management systems. We are pleased to present the included papers, which offer excellent contributions on a wide range of topics related to the use of information systems in crisis response and management.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Tarbes, France	Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	2411-3387	Medium
	Track	Proceedings	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2473
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	Author	Tolt, G.; Rydell, J.; Tulldahl, M.; Holmberg, M.; Karlsson, O.; Bissmarck, F.
	Title	The MAX Drone for Autonomous Indoor Exploration			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	220-230
	Keywords	UAV; Exploration; Navigation; Positioning; Autonomy
	Abstract	This paper presents the concept and prototype implementation of a drone for Multi-purpose Autonomous eXploration of indoor environments – MAX. The purpose of MAX is to support first responders in the difficult task of assessing unknown and potentially dangerous or hostile situations in indoor or underground environments. The approach for addressing challenges associated with this task has been to construct a custom-designed drone based on requirements and conditions of first responder missions. This paper reports on the first phase of development of the MAX drone, aimed for experimentation with autonomy functionality in first responder contexts and for enabling further development of advanced higher-level planning functions. It describes the overall design of the MAX drone, its capabilities in terms of robust positioning and autonomous mission execution, along with the status of key enabling algorithms for exploration, such as target point selection and path planning.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/LYTB7325			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2520
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	Author	Bennett Gayle, D.M.; Yuan, X.(J.); Dadson, Y.A.; Edwards, N.K.
	Title	Contact Tracing Mobile Applications in New York: A Qualitative Study on the Use and Privacy Perceptions			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	620-635
	Keywords	COVID-19; race and ethnicity; age; contract tracing; mobile apps
	Abstract	Contact tracing mobile applications were used in several countries as the exclusive means of reducing the spread of the COVID-19 virus. In the United States (US), such mobile applications were not nationwide; several states adopted and developed mobile applications for use by the local citizenry. Previous research indicated that the use and adoption of such applications might be correlated to individual demographics. Using the Antecedent Privacy Concerns and Outcomes (APCO), this study assesses individuals' use, adoption, and privacy considerations when using the contact tracing mobile application in New York State. Focus group participants were interviewed to determine if age or race/ethnicity were confounding factors related to their use of these mobile applications. This qualitative study will contribute to the body of knowledge by operationalizing and expanding on the APCO model to further understand the service, privacy, and perception of mobile apps used during COVID-19.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Reimagining ethical, legal, and social issues in a COVID era	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/GBZU8039			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2552
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	Author	Alkusaibati, W.; Pilemalm, S.
	Title	Digitalized Co-production and Volunteerism in Emergency Response: a Literature Review			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	738-750
	Keywords	Digital; Co-Production; Volunteers; Emergency Response; Crisis Response
	Abstract	ICT-enabled or digitalized co-production of public services has become increasingly relevant to emergency response and crisis management. This study provides a literature review on this phenomenon, exploring both large-scale crises and frequent emergencies. We found that research in the domain is scarce and focuses mainly on the phenomenon in terms of digital volunteerism. In large-scale crises, they mostly refer to spontaneous forms of volunteering, and in smaller emergencies, to more organized volunteers that collaborate with a response organization over time. Similarities to digitalized co-production in the public sector generally include financial, administrative, ICT, and demographic factors. Differences include, e.g., aspects of coordination, support, and processing by formal actors. We argue that there are benefits of adding a theoretical co-production perspective to digital volunteerism in emergency response and that our literature review can guide future research on models and (the double) use of volunteers in both kinds of emergencies.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	979-8-218-21749-5	Medium
	Track	Volunteers in Crisis Management/Emergency Response	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/ARQO2281			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2562
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	Author	Edjossan-Sossou, A.; Selouane, K.; Sayah, M.A.; Ouabou, M.; Vignote, C.; Capitaine, M.; Soto, D.; Edelblutte, E.
	Title	An innovative scenario-based modeling tool for the management of resilient water resources			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	808-821
	Keywords	Climate Change; Resilience Performance Assessment; Water Resources Management; Scenario-Based Analysis; Predictive Modelling
	Abstract	As freshwater availability for domestic and agro-industrial uses is highly sensitive to climate change, there is an urgent need for the management of this critical resource to be resilient, i.e., to cope with and rapidly recover from climate risks. To achieve this resilient goal, decision-makers need to have a comprehensive understanding of (i) the current and future local water resources, (ii) the ways these resources are and will be impacted by climate change, and (iii) the effects their management decisions can have. In this paper, we present an innovative scenario based modeling tool that help decision-makers make the most appropriate decision towards managing water resources: the Resilience Performance Assessment (RPA). This GIS-based decision support tool illustrates the current and future effects of climate change on local water resources and simulates the outcomes of different water resources management strategies. The RPA helps guide decision-makers towards the implementation of context specific adaptation strategies.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Geospatial Technologies, Location Analytics, and Geographic Information Science	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/AHXP6903			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2568
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	Author	Radianti, Jaziar; Dokas, Ioannis; Lalone, Nicolas; Khazanchi, Deepak
	Title	20th ISCRAM Conference Proceedings			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	979-8-218-21749-5	Medium
	Track	Proceedings	Expedition		Conference	20th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297%2FBLCZ5548			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2601
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	Author	Tikka, M.; Ahsanullah, R.; Varanasi, U.; Härmä, V.; Sawhney, N.; Leinonen, T.
	Title	Contextual Inquiry of Affordances for Collaboration in Crisis: Lessons from the Finnish Context			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	33-42
	Keywords	Crisis Response; Ict’S; Collaborative Sensemaking; Multi-Actor; Digital Tools
	Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic followed by the energy crisis in Europe demonstrates how complex crises can be. Being embedded in a digital media environment and global interdependencies, complex crises elude straightforward interpretations and explanations. Nonetheless, crises require fast and coordinated response from multiple public authorities. In recent years, advances in computational methods and information technology have influenced the field of crisis and disaster management, and diverse technical approaches have been developed to enhance authorities’ response to crises. Drawing on a relational approach to crises, we investigate the socio-technical affordances emerging in Finland to facilitate multi-actor collaboration in crises. Based on our analysis, we argue that contemporary practices and technologies do not match with the complexity of recent crises. Taken together, we consider the role of digital technologies and socio-technical practices to better support multi-actor sensemaking and collaboration in future crises.
	Address	Aalto University; Aalto University; Aalto University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL); Aalto University; Aalto University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Usability and Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/FCIG6875			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2504
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	Author	Ben Ortiz; Laura Kahn; Marc Bosch; Philip Bogden; Viveca Pavon-Harr; Onur Savas; Ian McCulloh
	Title	Improving Community Resiliency and Emergency Response With Artificial Intelligence			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	35-41
	Keywords	Emergency Management, Semantic Segmentation, Inland Flood Modeling, Route Optimization.
	Abstract	New crisis response and management approaches that incorporate the latest information technologies are essential in all phases of emergency preparedness and response, including the planning, response, recovery, and assessment phases. Accurate and timely information is as crucial as is rapid and coherent coordination among the responding organizations. We are working towards a multi-pronged emergency response tool that provide stakeholders timely access to comprehensive, relevant, and reliable information. The faster emergency personnel are able to analyze, disseminate and act on key information, the more effective and timelier their response will be and the greater the benefit to affected populations. Our tool consists of encoding multiple layers of open source geospatial data including flood risk location, road network strength, inundation maps that proxy inland flooding and computer vision semantic segmentation for estimating flooded areas and damaged infrastructure. These data layers are combined and used as input data for machine learning algorithms such as finding the best evacuation routes before, during and after an emergency or providing a list of available lodging for first responders in an impacted area for first. Even though our system could be used in a number of use cases where people are forced from one location to another, we demonstrate the feasibility of our system for the use case of Hurricane Florence in Lumberton, a town of 21,000 inhabitants that is 79 miles northwest of Wilmington, North Carolina.
	Address	Accenture Federal Services; Accenture Federal Services; Accenture Federal Services; Accenture Federal Services; Accenture Federal Services; Accenture Federal Services
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-4	ISBN	2411-3390	Medium
	Track	AI Systems for Crisis and Risks	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	Laura.kahn@accenturefederal.com			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2205
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	Author	Paulini, M.S.; Duran, D.; Rice, M.; Andrekanic, A.; Suri, N.
	Title	KENNEL Threat Detection Boxes for First Responder Situational Awareness and Risk Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	208-219
	Keywords	Situational Awareness; Hazard Detection; Microsensors; Sensor Fusion; Risk Management
	Abstract	KENNEL is a deployable IoT-based system consisting of a network of unattended ground sensors, known as Threat Detection Boxes (TDBs), which may be outfitted with any variety of custom and commercial-off-the-shelf sensors for hazard detection. The KENNEL system fills a technological gap for sensor fusion, interpretation, and real-time alerting via existing information management systems, such as Team Awareness Kit (TAK). First responders face a critical need for improved situational awareness, detection, and response to hazardous events. KENNEL provides a first of its kind, low-cost sensing & data fusion platform that is highly extensible, configurable, and self-sustaining, opening a world of modernization and innovation possibilities across the first responder domain. TDBs may also be statically or ad hoc deployed, improving flexibility, stand-off hazard detection, and resilience in the operational domain. From critical infrastructure monitoring to wearables, the system affords timeliness of critical information for effective risk management and increased personnel safety.
	Address	Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RISD); Institute for Human and Machine Cognition; Institute for Human and Machine Cognition; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RISD); Institute for Human and Machine Cognition
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/PCYP5515			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2519
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	Author	Stefan Schauer; Stefan Rass; Sandra König
	Title	Simulation-driven Risk Model for Interdependent Critical Infrastructures			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	404-415
	Keywords	risk model, risk assessment, interdependent critical infrastructures, cross-domain simulation
	Abstract	Critical infrastructures (CIs) in urban areas or municipalities have evolved into strongly interdependent and highly complex networks. To assess risks in this sophisticated environment, classical risk management approaches require extensions to reflect those interdependencies and include the consequences of cascading effects into the assessment. In this paper, we present a concept for a risk model specifically tailored to those requirements of interdependent CIs. We will show how the interdependencies can be reflected in the risk model in a generic way such that the dependencies among CIs on different levels of abstraction can be described. Furthermore, we will highlight how the simulation of cascading effects can be directly integrated to consistently represent the assessment of those effects in the risk model. In this way, the model supports municipalities' decision makers in improving their risk and resilience management of the CIs under their administration.
	Address	AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH; System Security Group, Department of Applied Informatics, Universitaet Klagenfurt; Austrian Institute of Technology
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Enhancing Protection of Critical Infrastructures	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	stefan.schauer@ait.ac.at			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2342
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	Author	Stefan Schauer; Stefan Rass; Sandra König; Klaus Steinnocher; Thomas Schaberreiter; Gerald Quirchmayr
	Title	Cross-Domain Risk Analysis to Strengthen City Resilience: the ODYSSEUS Approach			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	652-662
	Keywords	Risk Management; Cross-Domain Networks; Interdependencies; Stochastic Model; City Resilience; Critical Infrastructures
	Abstract	In this article, we want to present the concept for a risk management approach to assess the condition of critical infrastructure networks within metropolitan areas, their interdependencies among each other and the potential cascading effects. In contrast to existing solutions, this concept aims at providing a holistic view on the variety of interconnected networks within a city and the complex dependencies among them. Therefore, stochastic models and simulations are integrated into risk management to improve the assessment of cascading effects and support decision makers in crisis situations. This holistic view will allow risk managers at the city administration as well as emergency organizations to understand the full consequences of an incident and plan mitigation actions accordingly. Additionally, the approach will help to further strengthen the resilience of the entire city as well as the individual critical infrastructures in crisis situations.
	Address	AIT Austrian Institute of Technology; Alpen-Adria Universit\"at Klagenfurt; AIT Austrian Institute of Technology;AIT Austrian Institute of Technology;University of Vienna; University of Vienna
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-60	ISBN	2411-3446	Medium
	Track	Resilience in Critical Infrastructures	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	stefan.schauer@ait.ac.at			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2261
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	Author	Schauer, S.; Petersen, L.; Grace, R.; Roohi, M.
	Title	From Resilient Critical Infrastructures to a Resilient Society			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1076-1077
	Keywords	Resilience; Critical Infrastructure; Complex Crises; Resilient Society
	Abstract	With the current international crises such as the Ukrainian war, the ongoing climate change, or the interruptions in international supply chains and recent incidents like the earthquake in Turkey or the Ohio train derailment, it becomes more obvious that “just” protecting the society’s critical services and infrastructures will not be sufficient enough in the future. Services and infrastructures need to become more resilient to the effects of intentional threats as well as disasters caused by natural hazards to keep essential services operational and protect the people’s wellbeing. Accordingly, the solutions for achieving that and making society more resilient need to look further, beyond the boundaries of one infrastructure and beyond purely technical aspects. In this way, evolving towards a resilient society is a multi-dimensional problem integrating different viewpoints. In the technology-driven world we are living today, the social relations and interactions among individuals have become more important than ever and organizational structures influence the success or failure of technological solutions. Furthermore, many frameworks for societal/social/community resilience include as a metric the availability of essential services/critical infrastructure. Therefore, today’s technical solutions for protecting Critical Infrastructures need to play together with novel organizational, communal, and individual concepts as well as fulfill requirements from the economic, environmental, ethical and societal domains. In this panel, we will look at the impacts Critical Infrastructures are facing due to current crisis situations in different parts of the world and the effects this has on society. We will discuss among the panelists and with the audience on how existing and future concepts, methodologies and tools could help to improve resilience from a technical, organizational, and societal perspective.
	Address	AIT Austrian Institute of Technology; UIC – International Union of Railways; Texas Tech University; University of Nebraska–Lincoln
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Panel	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2596
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	Author	Henry Agsten
	Title	Effects of Smartphone-Based Alerting on Reducing Arrival Times for Volunteer Fire Departments			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	990-994
	Keywords	Volunteer Fire Departments; Time Reduction; Inefficiencies; Smartphone Application
	Abstract	This practitioner paper describes the efforts of a volunteer fire department in Germany to reduce the time to arrive at a place of emergency. It presents the former situation, identifies reasons for delays and highlights the volunteers' first years in utilizing an existing smartphone application for alert and response as a mean to optimize their times of arrival. The paper finally evaluates the effects of the application's usage.
	Address	Alarm Dispatcher Systems GmbH,Dresden, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-89	ISBN	2411-3475	Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	ha@alarm-dispatcher.de			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2290
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	Author	Peng Xia; Ji Ruan; Dave Parry; Jian Yu; Sally Britnell
	Title	Enhancing Triage Training for Mass Casualty Incidents with Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the ISCRAM Asia Pacific Conference 2022	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. ISCRAM AP 2022
	Volume		Issue		Pages	68-76
	Keywords	Mass Casualty Incidents; Triage Training; Virtual Reality; Artificial Intelligence
	Abstract	Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) occur with natural or man-made disasters. Training emergency staff for combating MCIs is essential, but the cost can be high as such incidents rarely occur, and a physical simulation is resource-intensive. Triage is a critical task in dealing with MCIs. In this paper, we propose to use Virtual Reality (VR) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to build a low-cost, high-efficient system for MCI triage training. Our system captures more comprehensive training data and utilizes state-of-the-art AI evaluation methods.
	Address	Auckland University of Technology; Auckland University of Technology; Murdoch University; Auckland Unviversity of Technology; Auckland University of Technology
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Unversity	Place of Publication	Palmerston North, New Zealand	Editor	Thomas J. Huggins, V.L.
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Practitioners Track	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2481
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	Author	Omar A. Owais; Ali Ghaffarian Hoseini; Hamzah E. Alqudah; Mani Poshdar
	Title	Deployment of Autonomous Vehicles to Support Emergency Response During Crisis			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the ISCRAM Asia Pacific Conference 2022	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. ISCRAM AP 2022
	Volume		Issue		Pages	56-67
	Keywords	Autonomous Vehicles; Emergency; Food; COVID-19
	Abstract	Emergency response services face massive pressure during global crises, such as COVID-19. The food supply logistics sector is one of the pressures that impacted the emergency response services, due to crisis restrictions. A regulatory framework to deploy autonomous vehicles, in any nominated country, has been presented to boost the food supply logistics as an emergency response to critical situations to serve isolated areas. This framework resulted in three steps to deploy AVs in the nominated country, which are evaluating their legislation, modifying their existing regulations accordingly, and ensuring the full deployment of the innovative technology. This is done by minimising person-to-person contact during the transportation and distribution phase. In conclusion, fully autonomous vehicles can help lift the pressure from the emergency response teams in the food supply transportation and distribution phase to meet the basic living requirements for human needs during global crises.
	Address	Auckland University of Technology; Auckland University of Technology; TLC Contractors; Auckland University of Technology
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Unversity	Place of Publication	Palmerston North, New Zealand	Editor	Thomas J. Huggins, V.L.
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Practitioners Track	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2480
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	Author	Kenneth Johnson; Javier Cámara; Roopak Sinha; Samaneh Madanian; Dave Parry
	Title	Towards Self-Adaptive Disaster Management Systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	49-61
	Keywords	disaster management, self-adaptive systems, formal verification, probabilistic model checking, constraint solving
	Abstract	Disasters often occur without warning and despite extensive preparation, disaster managers must take action to respond to changes critical resource allocations to support existing health-care facilities and emergency triages. A key challenge is to devise sound and verifiable resourcing plans within an evolving disaster scenario. Our main contribution is the development of a conceptual self-adaptive system featuring a monitor-analyse-plan-execute (MAPE) feedback loop to continually adapt resourcing within the disaster-affected region in response to changing usage and requirements. We illustrate the system's use on a case study based on Auckland city (New Zealand). Uncertainty arising from partial knowledge of infrastructure conditions and outcomes of human participant's actions are modelled and automatically analysed using formal verification techniques. The analysis inform plans for routing resources to where they are needed in the region. Our approach is shown to readily support multiple model and verification techniques applicable to a range of disaster scenarios.
	Address	Auckland University of Technology; University of York; Auckland University of Technology; AUT university; Auckland University of Technology
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	AI and Intelligent Systems for Crises and Risks	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	kenneth.johnson@aut.ac.nz			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2312
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	Author	Johnny Douvinet
	Title	Evaluating the Public’s Reaction to Simulated Alerts on Mobile Phones in France: Scale Effects, and Challenges			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2022	Publication	ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2022
	Volume		Issue		Pages	847-862
	Keywords	Alerting message; Design; Perception; Feedbacks; France
	Abstract	In case of sudden and extreme life-threatening situation, the most efficient system fulfils the requirement of mobile phone emergency alerting information services. But how much information and what type of content must be used in a textual message, and how adapt this alert to a large audience and diversified contexts? This paper proposes to address this challenge, 1) by presenting results obtained in France during simulated “alerting days”, with sampling revealing the perception and understanding of SMS and CB by a non-specialized audience (161 respondents), and 2) by comparing findings obtained in different contexts (students and teaching staff in a university, crisis managers and stakeholders in an industrial context, citizens working near high-risky areas). Even if reactions to an alert are individual, similar patterns emerge, suggesting that standardized and non-random needs exist.
	Address	Avignon University, UMR ESPACE 7300 CNRS, Institut Universitaire de France; Grenoble-Alpes University, UMR LIG-LAG 5127 CNRS; Franche-Comté University UMR 6049 ThéMA CNRS; Côte d’Azur University, UMR ESPACE 7300 CNRS; Nîmes University, EA PROJEKT 7447; Nî
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Tarbes, France	Editor	Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-82-8427-099-9	Medium
	Track	Usability and Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2460
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	Author	Matti Wiegmann; Jens Kersten; Friederike Klan; Martin Potthast; Benno Stein
	Title	Analysis of Detection Models for Disaster-Related Tweets			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	872-880
	Keywords	Tweet Filtering; Crisis Management; Evaluation Framework
	Abstract	Social media is perceived as a rich resource for disaster management and relief efforts, but the high class imbalance between disaster-related and non-disaster-related messages challenges a reliable detection. We analyze and compare the effectiveness of three state-of-the-art machine learning models for detecting disaster-related tweets. In this regard we introduce the Disaster Tweet Corpus~2020, an extended compilation of existing resources, which comprises a total of 123,166 tweets from 46~disasters covering 9~disaster types. Our findings from a large experiments series include: detection models work equally well over a broad range of disaster types when being trained for the respective type, a domain transfer across disaster types leads to unacceptable performance drops, or, similarly, type-agnostic classification models behave more robust at a lower effectiveness level. Altogether, the average misclassification rate of~3,8\% on performance-optimized detection models indicates effective classification knowledge but comes at the price of insufficient generalizability.
	Address	Bauhaus-Universit\“at Weimar German Aerospace Center (DLR); German Aerospace Center (DLR); German Aerospace Center (DLR); Leipzig University; Bauhaus-Universit\”at Weimar
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-77	ISBN	2411-3463	Medium
	Track	Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilie	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	matti.wiegmann@uni-weimar.de			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2278
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	Author	Yannic Schulte; Miriam Klein; Marcus Wiens; Frank Fiedrich
	Title	Spontaneous Volunteers Across National Borders: An Agent-Based Comparison			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	327-336
	Keywords	Spontaneous Volunteers, Cross-Border, Borderland, Agent-Based Modelling, Disaster Management.
	Abstract	In today's globalized world and with the extensive use of social media, there is a high connectivity of people across countries, which can be a helpful potential in disaster response. In a coordinated manner, spontaneous volunteers from neighbouring nations can provide high manpower and resources to a disaster affected area. In this article, we discuss why the consideration of spontaneous volunteers is relevant in a cross-border context in order to improve disaster resilience for borderlands. Furthermore, we introduce a baseline agent-based model to simulate cooperation procedures for the involvement of spontaneous volunteers to the official crisis response in a borderland and discuss important issues that need to be addressed in future considerations.
	Address	Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Bergische Universität Wuppertal
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-32	ISBN	2411-3418	Medium
	Track	Cross-Border Resilience	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	yschulte@uni-wuppertal.de			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2233
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	Author	Thomas J. Huggins; Wenbo Zhang; Eva Yang
	Title	Evaluating Flood-Related Decision-Making and the Role of Information Technologies			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the ISCRAM Asia Pacific Conference 2022	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. ISCRAM AP 2022
	Volume		Issue		Pages	45-55
	Keywords	Risk Perception; Biases; Decision Support; Research Methods
	Abstract	The proposed research consists of an innovative research design and piloting to compare traditional and contemporary approaches to loss-related decisions, concerning flooding risk in particular. By developing and implementing the integration of multiple methods, the proposed research aims to provide detailed and compelling evidence of how disaster-related decisions can be evaluated using an out-of-frame (capacity) and out-of-sample (occurrence) criterion, i.e. instead of taking a more reductive approach to real world problems. Together with other research being conducted around the world, the current initiative will address the contemporary scientific problem of whether traditionally axiomatic or ecological rationality should be used for evaluating disaster-related decisions. Where ecological rationality is found to be more effective, the same research will inform how ecologically rational approaches to flood risk can be improved through promoting particular areas of an information display or interface under particular conditions.
	Address	BNU-HKBU United International College & University of Monterrey; BNU-HKBU United International College & Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; BNU-HKBU United International College
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Unversity	Place of Publication	Palmerston North, New Zealand	Editor	Thomas J. Huggins, V.L.
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-473-66845-7	Medium
	Track	Information Systems for Emergency Management	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2479
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	Author	Jean-Paul Monet; Pierre Schaller; Sergio Pirone; Marc Castellnou Ribau; Stéphane Poyau; Marc Dumas
	Title	Civil Protection in Europe: Towards a Unified Command System? Lessons Learned, Studies and Ideas About Change Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	315-325
	Keywords	Crisis Management, Incident, Command and Control System, Interoperability, European Union.
	Abstract	After the summer 2017 deadly wildfires in Portugal, President Juncker of the European Commission asked for “a stronger European Union (EU)”, clearly targeting civil protection management. This wish found achievement in the March 2019 guidance to establish a reserve of EU response capacities called “rescEU”, integrated into the jurisdictional basis of EU civil protection. However, the authors regret the ambition of this plan has not been fulfilled. Due to some very “European constraints” this “new deal” has introduced only small changes in terms of resources and knowledge management. In each of the past several years, climate change has brought new examples of fatal natural disasters: wildfires in Sweden, and Greece, and flash floods in Spain and France. Because of this continuous rise in disasters, and based on some lessons learned, the authors stress that it's now time to shape a project to improve European Civil Protection. The idea is to move from the already good modular system of the EU Civil Protection Mechanism to an integrated, robust, and unique European Command System, which clearly must be fully interoperable with other existing mechanisms (US ICS, UNOCHA...).
	Address	Bouches-du-Rhône Fire department; National French Fire Academy (Ensosp); Corpo forestal Piemonte, Italy; Pau Costa foundation, Spain; Landes Fire department; Bouches-du-Rhône Fire department
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-31	ISBN	2411-3417	Medium
	Track	Command & Control Studies	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	jpmonet@sdis13.fr			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2232
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	Author	Samuel Auclair; Christian Iasio; reï Balgiu; Antoni Blasquez; Jean-Christophe Castagnos; Emilie Crochet; Olivier Dalverny; Xavier Goula; Paco Martinez; Philippe Méresse; Philippe Soulé-Péré; Ghislaine Verrhiest-Leblanc
	Title	Post-earthquake Damage Assessment: Feedback from a Cross-Border Crisis Exercise			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2022	Publication	ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2022
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1000-1007
	Keywords	Crisis exercise; Earthquake; Post-earthquake damage assessment; Cross-border disaster management; Crisis management digital platform
	Abstract	In November 2021, a large-scale crisis exercise was organized in the heart of the Pyrenees. The main objective of this cross-border exercise between France, Spain and Andorra was to allow practitioners to prepare for a largescale earthquake, by testing the contribution of the tools developed within the framework of the European project POCRISC. Among the different functions activated during the exercise, this article focuses on the particularly critical function of emergency assessment of building damage. It analyses the feedback from the exercise participants asked to evaluate the deployment, coordination and operation of the damage assessment function, including the use of a tool developed specifically for these activities.
	Address	BRGM; BRGM; AFPS; ACE; Préfecture of the Hautes-Pyrénées; French Civil Protection; ENIT;ACE,AFPS; DeveryWare; Entente Valabre; SDIS-65; AFPS
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Tarbes, France	Editor	Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-82-8427-099-9	Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2465
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	Author	Samuel Auclair; Pierre Gehl; Mickael Delatre; Christophe Debray; Philippe Méresse
	Title	In-depth Analysis of Practitioners' Perceptions about Seismic Early Warning Prior to Aftershocks: The Point of View of the USAR Community			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2022	Publication	ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2022
	Volume		Issue		Pages	740-754
	Keywords	Earthquake early warning; aftershock; search and rescue; USAR; INSARAG
	Abstract	Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) teams are particularly exposed to the risk of collapse of buildings due to aftershocks, making concept of earthquake early warning (EEW) particularly interesting. In addition to scientific advances in EEW, it is crucial to understand what are the real expectations and needs of USAR teams, and to what extent EEW solutions could meet them. In this study, we conduct a survey to collect insights from USAR rescuers: it highlights that aftershocks are a major concern for them. In this context, we find that the concept of EEW is very favorably received by the respondents, who consider different types of possible actions upon receipt of an early warning. This study provides a basis for the functional specifications of future solutions of EEW useful to all USAR teams, as well as for the definition of their modalities of engagement on the field.
	Address	BRGM; BRGM; French Ministry of the Interior, Directorate General for Civil Security and Crisis Management; Entente Valabre; BRGM
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Tarbes, France	Editor	Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-82-8427-099-9	Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2452
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