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Author |
Ignacio Aedo; Daniel Sanz; Paloma Díaz; Jorge De Castro |
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Title |
Modelling emergency response communities using RBAC principles |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2006 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
426-434 |
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Keywords |
Access control; Civil defense; Disasters; Information systems; Risk management; Development stages; Emergency management systems; Emergency response; Empirical evaluations; Levels of abstraction; Role-based Access Control; User centred design; Web engineering; Management information systems |
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Abstract |
One of the main design challenges of any Emergency Management System (EMS) is the diversity of users and responsibilities that must be considered. Modelling the access capabilities of different communities of users is a relevant concern for which the RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) paradigm provides flexible and powerful constructs. In this paper we describe how we used an RBAC meta-model to specify at different levels of abstraction the access policy of a specific EMS called ARCE (Aplicación en Red para Casos de Emergencia). This approach has made it possible to face access modelling at earlier development stages, so that stakeholders got involved in analytical and empirical evaluations to test the correctness and effectiveness of the access policy. Moreover, since the RBAC meta-model is embedded into a web engineering method, we put into practice a holistic process which addresses different design perspectives (structure, navigation, presentation, interaction and access) in an integrated way. |
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Laboratorio DEI, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain; Dirección General de Protección Civil, Ministerio del Interior, Spain |
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Publisher |
Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium |
Place of Publication |
Newark, NJ |
Editor |
B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9090206019; 9789090206011 |
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Track |
COMMUNITIES IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT |
Expedition |
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Conference |
3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
257 |
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Author |
Axel Bürkle; Florian Segor; Sven Müller; Igor Tchouchenkov; Matthias Kollmann |
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Title |
Advantages of an integrated open framework for immediate emergency response |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2012 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Coordination reactions; Decision support systems; Information dissemination; Information systems; Sensor networks; Signal encoding; Smartphones; Unmanned vehicles; Communication infrastructure; Decision supports; Emergency response; Ground control stations; Integrated solutions; Open system architecture; Simultaneous use; Universal control; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
Recent disasters have shown that wireless sensors and unmanned systems are increasingly becoming a valuable aid for first responders. Depending on the kind of incident and its extent, different assets are to be used. The more diverse these assets are, the more complex their simultaneous use and coordination. Therefore, integrated solutions are needed which comprise all necessary components such as power supply, communication infrastructure, data acquisition and processing, decision support and information dissemination. In this paper, an architecture for an open framework is proposed and its advantages over dedicated solutions are discussed. The flexibility of the universal control station presented here is demonstrated using the example of integrating a smartphone as an additional mobile sensor. © 2012 ISCRAM. |
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Address |
Fraunhofer IOSB, Karlsruhe, Germany |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Simon Fraser University |
Place of Publication |
Vancouver, BC |
Editor |
L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Volume |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780864913326 |
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Track |
Wireless Sensor Networks for Emergency Response |
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Conference |
9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
77 |
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Author |
Gaoussou Camara; Rim Djedidi; Sylvie Despres; Moussa Lo |
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Title |
Towards an ontology for an epidemiological monitoring system |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2012 |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Disease control; Information systems; Disease spreading; Early prediction; Monitoring system; Ontological modeling; Qualitative approach; Quantitative approach; Risk predictions; Simulation; Monitoring |
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Abstract |
Epidemiological monitoring systems are used to control the evolution of disease spreading and to suggest action plans to prevent identified risks. In this domain, risk prediction is based on quantitative approaches that are hardly usable when data collection is not possible. In this paper, a qualitative approach based on an epidemiological monitoring ontology is proposed. We describe the design of this ontology and show how it fits into classical monitoring systems and helps overcoming limits related to quantitative approaches. © 2012 ISCRAM. |
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Address |
LANI, Université Gaston Berger, B.P. 234, Saint-Louis, Senegal; LIM and BIO, Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Simon Fraser University |
Place of Publication |
Vancouver, BC |
Editor |
L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780864913326 |
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Track |
Analytical Modelling and Simulation |
Expedition |
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Conference |
9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
86 |
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Author |
L.T. Darryl Diptee; Scott McKenzie |
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Title |
The systems thinking approach of beyond-line-of-sight command and control |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2012 |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Electric network topology; Information systems; Military applications; System theory; Adaptation; Beyond line of sight; Blos C2; Command and control; Layered model; Synergy; Systems thinking; Command and control systems |
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Abstract |
Effective command and control (C2) is necessary to achieve and maintain superiority in military engagements. C2 is well documented in the literature and is a major focus in the military arena; however, the conventional military network topology is increasingly becoming a liability and ineffective in the new age of asymmetric warfare. The beyond-line-of-sight command and control (BLOS C2) concept is a radical shift towards a seamless joint network topology, which will dramatically increase tactical C2 across military service branches, equipment types, and geographical locations. Though BLOS C2 is still in its testing phase, this paper examines the systems thinking approach of BLOS C2 with respect to layered models, adaptation, and synergy. The implementation of the BLOS C2 “tactical Wi-Fi” concept helps fill a Central Command (CENTCOM) capability gap in support of a Contingency Plan (CONPLAN) that provides Navy Forces Central Command (NAVCENT) with a robust force protection system. © 2012 ISCRAM. |
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Address |
Naval Postgraduate School, United States |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Simon Fraser University |
Place of Publication |
Vancouver, BC |
Editor |
L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780864913326 |
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Track |
Inter-Organizational Exercises and Operations |
Expedition |
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Conference |
9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
99 |
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Author |
Holger Fischer; Florian Klompmaker |
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Title |
Enriching disaster control management based on human-centered design |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2012 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Information systems; Iterative methods; Job analysis; Mobile devices; Control management; Federal agency; Human-centered designs; Interactive tables; Management process; Rescue activities; Thw; User need; Disasters |
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Abstract |
Hurricanes or earthquakes reveal the increasing importance of the research in disaster control management, which is essential to coordinate the amount of rescue activities. The German Federal Agency for Technical Relief is responsible for tasks like coordination, high capacity pumping and infrastructure. To support them in their management process and to improve the efficiency and the effectiveness in their workflow, we built an interactive table and established a human-centered design process to understand the context of use and to create a system out of the users' perspective. In this paper we present further scenarios as a result of the second iteration in performing human-centered design methods together with experts in the domain. We show that methods like ethnography studies, task analyses or workshops are suitable and essential in this context and arise in helpful tools that support the experts with additional information in case of decisions. © 2012 ISCRAM. |
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Address |
University of Paderborn, C-LAB, Germany |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Simon Fraser University |
Place of Publication |
Vancouver, BC |
Editor |
L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780864913326 |
Medium |
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Track |
Human Experiences in the Design of Crisis Response and Management Services and Systems |
Expedition |
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Conference |
9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
107 |
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Author |
Tim J. Grant |
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Title |
Checklist for comparing emergency management information systems |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2008 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
752-763 |
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Keywords |
Benchmarking; Civil defense; Disasters; Risk management; Software architecture; Battlefield management system; Control centre; Diverse domains; Emergency management; Emergency management systems; Process Modeling; Royal netherlands armies; Situation awareness; Management information systems |
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Abstract |
This paper describes a checklist that has been developed for comparing the functionality of emergency management control centres and their information systems. The intention is to interest the ISCRAM community in using the checklist in various applications and pooling experiences. The Control Centre Visit Checklist has evolved through four iterations. It has been used to study two military C2 systems and one non-military control system, and has been applied by students for course assignments. The paper focuses on the part of the checklist that evaluates the information system from the systems viewpoint. It describes the underlying applications architecture and process model. The Royal Netherlands Army's Battlefield Management System illustrates the application of the checklist. The results show that the checklist aids in identifying where C2 systems can be developed further. The next step is to perform a set of substantial pilot studies for diverse domains, including civilian emergency management systems. |
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Address |
Netherlands Defence Academy, P.O. Box 90.002, 4800PA Breda, Netherlands |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780615206974 |
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Track |
Studies of Command and Control Systems |
Expedition |
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Conference |
5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
117 |
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Author |
Russell J. Graves |
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Title |
Key technologies for emergency response |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2004 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
133-138 |
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Keywords |
Decision making; Information systems; Information technology; Societies and institutions; Application of information technologies; Co-ordinated control; Consequence management; Distributed operations; Emergency response; Incident Management; Multiple organizations; Terrorist incident; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
Emergency Response involves multiple organizations and teams, geographically distributed operations, and a high need for coordinated control and decision making. As incidents evolve, the number of involved organizations, the geographic distribution of involved entities, and the level and complexity of decision making all tend to grow. Information technology can contribute to managing these and related dimensions of an emergency. The work described in this paper is based on longstanding MITRE Corporation experience working with organizations that have severe and demanding requirements for managing complex, rapidly evolving situations, including military conflict, law enforcement engagements, natural disaster response, and terrorist incident response. Recently, we have conducted a series of detailed observations during emergency response exercises and planned events that resulted in identifying key elements for a successful application of information technologies during an emergency. © Proceedings ISCRAM 2004. |
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Address |
MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, MA, United States |
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Publisher |
Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium |
Place of Publication |
Brussels |
Editor |
B. Van de Walle, B. Carle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9076971080 |
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Track |
Emergency Response ICT |
Expedition |
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Conference |
1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
119 |
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Author |
Ali Khalili-Araghi; Uwe Glässer; Hamed Yaghoubi Shahir; Brian Fisher; Piper Jackson |
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Title |
Intelligent decision support for emergency responses |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2012 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Artificial intelligence; Command and control systems; Decision support systems; Dynamics; Information systems; Intelligent agents; Adaptive information; Command and control; Dynamic resource configurations; Emergency response; Heterogeneous resources; Intelligent decision support; Intelligent decision support systems; Situational awareness; Information management |
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Abstract |
With a coastline touching upon the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, the Great Lakes and the Arctic Sea, the Canadian MSOCs are faced with a daunting task. They are responsible for both routine duties, including patrolling coastal areas and collecting satellite data, as well as critical missions, such as emergency response and crime intervention. Both kinds of mission require the fusion of data from a variety of sources and the orchestration of myriad heterogeneous resources over great physical distances. They must deal with uncertainty, both in terms of what can be known and also in the outcomes of actions, and must interact with an environment prone to dynamic change. We present the architecture and core mechanisms of a decision support system for marine safety and security operations (Glässer, Jackson, Araghi, When and Shahir, 2010). The goal of this system is to enhance complex command and control tasks by improving situational awareness and automating task assignments. This system concept includes adaptive information fusion techniques integrated with decentralized control mechanisms for dynamic resource configuration management and task execution management under uncertainty. Autonomously operating agents employ collaboration and coordination to collectively form an intelligent decision support system. © 2012 ISCRAM. |
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Address |
School of Interactive Arts and Technology, Simon Fraser University, Canada; School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Canada |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Simon Fraser University |
Place of Publication |
Vancouver, BC |
Editor |
L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780864913326 |
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Track |
Poster Session |
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Conference |
9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
139 |
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Author |
Rita Kovordanyi; Rudolf Schreiner; Jelle Pelfrene; Johan Jenvald; Henrik Eriksson; Amy Rankin; Michael Morin |
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Title |
Real-time support for exercise managers' situation assessment and decision making |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2012 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Aggregates; Decision making; Decision support systems; Information systems; Managers; Ontology; Personnel training; Query languages; Semantics; Crisis management; Monitoring and controlling; Multiple response; Ontological representation; Semantic event processing; Situation assessment; Stream-based; Topic Maps; Human resource management |
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Abstract |
Exercise managers and instructors have a particularly challenging task in monitoring and controlling on-going exercises, which may involve multiple response teams and organizations in highly complex and continuously evolving crisis situations. Managers and instructors must handle potentially incomplete and conflicting field-observation data and make decisions in real-time in order to control the flow of the exercise and to keep it in line with the training objectives. In simulation-based exercises, managers and instructors have access to a rich set of real-time data, with an increased potential to closely monitor the trainees' actions, and to keep the exercise on track. To assist exercise managers and instructors, data about the on-going exercise can be filtered, aggregated and refined by real-time decision-support systems. We have developed a model and a prototype decision-support system, using stream-based reasoning to assist exercise managers and instructors in real-time. The approach takes advantage of topic maps for ontological representation and a complex-event processing engine for analyzing the data stream from a virtual-reality simulator for crisis-management training. Aggregated data is presented both on-screen, in Twitter, and in the form of topic maps. © 2012 ISCRAM. |
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Address |
Linköping University, Sweden; Object Security, Sweden; Space Applications Solutions, Sweden; VSL Systems, Sweden |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Simon Fraser University |
Place of Publication |
Vancouver, BC |
Editor |
L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780864913326 |
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Track |
Event-Driven Techniques and Methods for Crisis Management |
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Conference |
9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
143 |
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Author |
Stas Simon Krupenia; Cécilia Aguero; Kees C.H.M. Nieuwenhuis |
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Title |
The value of different media types to support command and control situation awareness |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2012 |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Information systems; Military operations; Probes; Audio; C2; Command and control; Photo; Situational awareness; Video; Video cameras |
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Abstract |
We investigated the value of different media types (Photo, Video, Audio) to support the situational awareness of a Command and Control (C2) officer monitoring three simultaneous military operations. Twenty-one Polish soldiers individually monitored the real-time battlefield information collected by three (virtual, scripted) platoons. Twice during the monitoring task a series of Situation Awareness (SA) probes were presented (Endsley, 1995). At the end of the task, participants were also given a series of meta-SA probes and preference questions. We found that Video supported Level 2 SA (comprehension) better than the other two media types. We also found that participants preferred to receive information in the Photos and Audio clips than in Video. We conclude that if the goal of the C2 team is to better understand the global situation, then providing the persons-in-the-field with video cameras is a valid solution. However, we obtained no evidence to suggest that such an approach supports the ability to predict what may occur in the future (Level 3 SA). © 2012 ISCRAM. |
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Address |
Thales Research and Technology, Netherlands |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Simon Fraser University |
Place of Publication |
Vancouver, BC |
Editor |
L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780864913326 |
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Track |
Command and Control Studies |
Expedition |
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Conference |
9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
146 |
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Author |
Richard McMaster; Chris Baber; Tom Duffy |
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Title |
The role of artefacts in Police emergency response sensemaking |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2012 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Command and control systems; Communication; Information systems; Law enforcement; Collaborative sensemaking; Command and control; Data collection; Distributed cognition; Emergency response; Qualitative study; Sensemaking; Technical factors; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
This paper presents a study of the role of artefacts in sensemaking during emergency response. A qualitative study was conducted with two UK Police Forces, with a particular focus on the role of artefacts in the creation and modification of sensemaking frames. This research demonstrates that sensemaking is a key component of emergency response Command and Control and that this activity is distributed across the individuals within the system. Collaborative sensemaking is coordinated via social and organisational means, supported by a range of private (informal) and shared (formal) artefacts, which function as resources for action – cueing frame seeking and frame-defined data collection. The study also reveals the role of narrative in bridging the gap between these two parallel sensemaking processes and raises implications for the further digitisation of the emergency response environment, demonstrating the importance of balancing social and technical factors in the design of ICT for emergency response. © 2012 ISCRAM. |
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Address |
University of Birmingham, United Kingdom |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Simon Fraser University |
Place of Publication |
Vancouver, BC |
Editor |
L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780864913326 |
Medium |
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Track |
Command and Control Studies |
Expedition |
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Conference |
9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
|
Serial |
168 |
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Author |
Laura Ardila; Israel Perez-Llopis; Carlos E. Palau; Manuel Esteve |
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Title |
Virtual reality training environment for strategic and tactical emergency operations |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2013 |
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Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
140-144 |
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Keywords |
Civil defense; Disasters; Information systems; Interoperability; Motion Picture Experts Group standards; Personnel training; Risk management; Virtual reality; Command; control; communications; Command and control; Information and Communication Technologies; Intelligence; surveillance and reconnaissances; Mpeg-V; Tactical operations; Traditional approaches; Virtual worlds; Information management |
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Abstract |
The application of Information and Communication Technologies in emergency management environments is a challenging research topic; particularly, the applicability of C4ISR (Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance) systems specifically designed for these environments. A key aspect in emergency management is the training of operatives at all levels, from intervention to operational, including tactical command and control. Virtual reality is widely used for training and learning purposes, but the interaction of real and virtual worlds with new standards (i.e. MPEG-V), going a step further from the traditional approach to create virtual environments based in expensive simulation dedicated equipment and allowing data streaming between both worlds, has not yet been exploited in training for emergency management. This paper proposes an architecture for a C4ISR training system providing interoperability between real and virtual worlds using the MPEG-V standard and allowing simultaneous and real time training of both real and virtual units. |
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Address |
Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie |
Place of Publication |
KIT; Baden-Baden |
Editor |
T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9783923704804 |
Medium |
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Track |
Coordination and Collaboration |
Expedition |
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Conference |
10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
270 |
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Author |
Amy Rankin; Rita Kovordanyi; Joris Field; Henrik Eriksson |
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Title |
Instructor's tasks in crisis management training |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2012 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Information systems; Virtual reality; Crisis management; Exercise managements; Monitor and control; Training Systems; Virtual reality training; E-learning |
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Abstract |
In crisis management exercises the instructor's performance is critical to the success of the training. It is their responsibility to monitor and evaluate the exercise, as well as appropriately adjust and adapt the scenario to the unfolding events. Despite the importance of the instructor's skills in crisis management training little has been documented regarding successful methods or common pitfalls. The study presented in this paper is exploratory and aimed at investigating how instructors monitor and control large scale crisis management exercises. The results are intended to be used as a basis for further investigation on how instructors can be supported in virtual reality training systems. A summary of results from interviews is presented and followed by observations reports from two live exercises. Finally, key areas for instructor support in virtual-reality training systems are identified. © 2012 ISCRAM. |
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Address |
Linköping university, Sweden; National Aerospace Laboratories, NLR, Netherlands |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Simon Fraser University |
Place of Publication |
Vancouver, BC |
Editor |
L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780864913326 |
Medium |
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Track |
Human Experiences in the Design of Crisis Response and Management Services and Systems |
Expedition |
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Conference |
9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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|
Call Number |
|
Serial |
190 |
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Author |
Mirko Thorstensson |
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Title |
Supporting observers in the field to perform model based data collection |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2012 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Budget control; Information systems; Computerized support systems; Continuous development; Data collection; Emergency response; Mbdc; Nbot; Observers; Operational analysis; Data acquisition |
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Abstract |
Computerized support systems enhancing taskforce performance are being increasingly used in different organizations in the emergency response, crisis management and military fields. Organizational demands for improved mission capabilities and reduced budgets impose new requirements on data content and system performance. More information needs to be provided by humans in the field, reporting observations from the evolving course of events in order to enhance possibilities for operational analyses and continuous development of organizational abilities. In this paper, we describe a method that can improve human data-collection abilities and data quality when using human observers as data collecting sensors in distributed tactical operations by applying model-based data collection. We introduce a tool that can support observers in the field, the network-based observer tool that can support human observers in determining what to report and how to report observations. We present results and findings from three different use cases. © 2012 ISCRAM. |
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Address |
Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Division of Information and Aeronautical Systems, Sweden |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Simon Fraser University |
Place of Publication |
Vancouver, BC |
Editor |
L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780864913326 |
Medium |
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Track |
Inter-Organizational Exercises and Operations |
Expedition |
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Conference |
9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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|
Call Number |
|
Serial |
217 |
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Author |
Marcel D.E Van Der Lee; Marcel Van Vugt |
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Title |
IMI – An information system for effective Multidisciplinary Incident Management |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2004 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
15-19 |
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Keywords |
Command and control systems; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Military applications; Command and control; Crisis response; Daily routines; Disaster management; Distributed operations; Electronics laboratories; Fire department; Incident Management; Information systems |
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Abstract |
The field of crisis response and disaster management can be characterized, upon many other factors, by distributed operations, not daily routine work and multidisciplinary aspects. In designing and developing information systems for crisis response these factors need special attention. On behalf of regional emergency services, TNO Physics and Electronics Laboratory designed and guided commissioning of the IMI project (Information System for Multidisciplinary Incident Management). Four regional fire departments in Zuid-Holland decided to develop the information system. The Rotterdam region was selected as project pilot. The IMI-project was carried out with experiences and a background of military command and control where the above three factors also play a major role. In this paper we will elaborate on the reasons behind the design of the functionalities of the IMI-system. © Proceedings ISCRAM 2004. |
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Address |
TNO Physics and Electronics Laboratory, P.O. Box 96864, 2509 JG, The Hague, Netherlands |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium |
Place of Publication |
Brussels |
Editor |
B. Van de Walle, B. Carle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9076971080 |
Medium |
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Track |
Emergency Response Information Systems |
Expedition |
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Conference |
1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
|
Serial |
229 |
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Author |
Robert Bell; Elizabeth Avery Gomez |
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Title |
Business continuity for small business owners: Do the tools fit their need? |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011 |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2011 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Information systems; Business continuity; Business continuity plans; Emergency operations centers; Incident command systems; Small business; Intelligent control |
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Abstract |
Business continuity planning for private sector organizations has not reached the level of readiness as has the public sector. This disparity has reached national attention as the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security addressed it in a statement, “ensuring Americas small businesses have the critical information and training they need to better respond to disasters will strengthen the entire nations preparedness and resilience (DHS, 2010).” The release of this statement and the DHS program (PS-Prep) was a promise to provide the necessary tools to small business owners so they could build effective business continuity plans. The major contributions of this research will be to provide an evaluation of the applicability of PS-Prep to small businesses, and to provide the needs assessment for parallel research of leveraging the current capabilities of a Business Emergency Operations Center in the development of a Virtual Small Business Emergency Operations Center (VSBEOC). |
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Address |
New Jersey Institute of Technology, United States |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Lisbon |
Editor |
M.A. Santos, L. Sousa, E. Portela |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9789724922478 |
Medium |
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Track |
Planning and Foresight |
Expedition |
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Conference |
8th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
|
Serial |
298 |
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Author |
Peter Berggren; Björn J.E. Johansson |
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Title |
Developing an instrument for measuring shared understanding |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2010 – 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Defining Crisis Management 3.0, Proceedings |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2010 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Hardware; Command and control; Empirical studies; Microworld; Rank order; Shared understanding; Swedish armed forces; Team performance; Teams; Information systems |
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Abstract |
The paper discusses the need for an easy-to-use, easy-to-administer measure that can capture shared understanding in a team of professionals working together towards a successful performance. In the paper the development of such a measure is described using two empirical studies. Command-and-Control tasks are complex and often dynamic, and a way of capturing the degree of which a team of individuals have a common understanding of priorities in such a task is imperative. Two studies are presented. In the first study students participated in a microworld experiment where they tried to rank order pre-determined factors in order to measure shared understanding. In the second study officers from the Swedish Armed Forces participated in an exercise where they rank ordered self-generated factors. |
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Address |
FOI, Sweden |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Seattle, WA |
Editor |
S. French, B. Tomaszewski, C. Zobel |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Track |
Special Session: Assessing Crisis Management Operations and Exercises |
Expedition |
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Conference |
7th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
|
Serial |
308 |
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Author |
Thomas Bernard; Mathias Braun; Olivier Piller; Denis Gilbert; Jochen Deuerlein; Andreas Korth; Reik Nitsche; Marie Maurel; Anne-Claire Sandraz; Fereshte Sedehizade; Jean-Marc Weber; Caty Werey |
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Title |
SMaRT-OnlineWDN: Online security management and reliability toolkit for water distribution networks |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2013 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
171-176 |
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Keywords |
Computer simulation; Contamination; Decision support systems; Industrial management; Information systems; Runoff; Water quality; Water supply; Abnormal conditions; Online simulation; Operation and control; Sensor measurements; Source identification; Transport modeling; Water distribution networks; Water supply networks; Water distribution systems |
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Abstract |
Water distribution Networks (WDNs) are critical infrastructures that are exposed to deliberate or accidental contamination. Until now, no monitoring system is capable of protecting a WDN in real time. In the immediate future water service utilities that are installing water quantity and quality sensors in their networks will be producing a continuous and huge data stream for treating. The main objective of the project SMaRT-OnlineWDN is the development of an online security management toolkit for water distribution networks that is based on sensor measurements of water quality as well as water quantity and online simulation. Its field of application ranges from detection of deliberate contamination, including source identification and decision support for effective countermeasures, to improved operation and control of a WDN under normal and abnormal conditions. |
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Address |
Fraunhofer Institute IOSB, Germany; IRSTEA, France; 3S Consult GmbH, Germany; DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Germany; Veolia Environnement, France; Veolia Eau d'Ile de France, France; Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Germany; Communauté Urbaine de Strasbourg, Germany; Engees, France |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie |
Place of Publication |
KIT; Baden-Baden |
Editor |
T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9783923704804 |
Medium |
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Track |
Critical Infrastructures |
Expedition |
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Conference |
10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
|
Serial |
313 |
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Author |
Kees Boersma; Julie Ferguson; Peter Groenewegen; Jeroen Wolbers |
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Title |
Beyond the myth of control: Toward network switching in disaster management |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2014 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
125-129 |
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Keywords |
Disaster prevention; Information systems; Networks (circuits); Switching; Adaptive capacity; Citizen involvement; Command and control; Disaster management; Disaster response; Humanitarian response; Interconnected network; Management structure; Disasters |
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Abstract |
A novel, 'net-centric' approach to disaster management is challenging traditional forms of command and control, through technology-supported, self-directed networks of heterogeneous stakeholders including affected citizens. Citizen involvement in crisis response can strengthen the resilience of local communities, and improve the relevance and delivery of response, evidenced by increasingly important Web2.0-based platforms. While netcentric responses show promise as a principle, it remains unclear how networks can be integrated in shared response infrastructures. We draw on the concepts of 'programming' and 'switching' to suggest a different perspective by which to explore the potential and consequences of interconnected networks. Finally, we propose a research agenda that can help identify and understand switching points in disaster response, comparing a weakly formalized management structure, but strong in citizen involvement, with a strongly formalized management structure, but weak in citizen involvement. We thereby suggest how response organizations can relinquish their reliance on control and command approaches, increasing their adaptive capacity to capitalize on citizen-based information. |
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Address |
VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
The Pennsylvania State University |
Place of Publication |
University Park, PA |
Editor |
S.R. Hiltz, M.S. Pfaff, L. Plotnick, and P.C. Shih. |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780692211946 |
Medium |
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Track |
Command and Control Studies |
Expedition |
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Conference |
11th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
|
Serial |
332 |
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Author |
Belinda Braunstein; Troy Trimble; Rajesh Mishra; B.S. Manoj; Leslie Lenert; Ramesh R. Rao |
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Title |
Challenges in using of distributed wireless mesh networks in emergency response |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2006 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
30-38 |
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Keywords |
Accidents; Computer network performance evaluation; Diseases; Emergency services; Information systems; Wireless mesh networks (WMN); Broadband Communication; Distributed management; Distributed wireless; Hybrid wireless mesh network; Large scale disasters; Performance evaluation; Topology control; Wireless Mesh networks (WMNs); MESH networking |
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Abstract |
Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are formed by self-organized wireless nodes that use multi-hop wireless relaying. These networks are useable in a variety of situations ranging from fixed residential broadband networking based on rooftop wireless mesh nodes to emergency response networks for handling large scale disasters. Quick deployability, minimal configuration, broadband communication, and easiness of reconfigurability are the major characteristics that make WMNs a suitable choice for emergency applications. There exist several open research issues in using such WMNs for emergency response applications. We, in this paper, present a hybrid distributed wireless networking architecture, Extreme Networking System (ENS), and present large set of performance observations collected from a real distributed hybrid wireless mesh network used for supporting a medical emergency response application. We present the traffic behavior observed in our network when a client server medical emergency response application is employed. The performance observations on real-traffic scenarios for emergency response application underlines the need for focusing further research on topology control, reliability, service availability, and distributed management. We observed that though there are several challenges that need to be solved, a WMN is a favorable choice for emergency response networking. |
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Address |
CalIT2-UCSD, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0436, United States |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium |
Place of Publication |
Newark, NJ |
Editor |
B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9090206019; 9789090206011 |
Medium |
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Track |
WORKSHOP ON FUTURE COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE |
Expedition |
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Conference |
3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
|
Serial |
344 |
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Author |
Ana C. Calderon; Joanne Hinds; Peter Johnson |
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Title |
Leading cats: How to effectively command collectives |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2013 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
32-41 |
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Keywords |
Command and control systems; Collectives; Command and control; Command by intent; Disaster response; Multiple agencies; Information systems |
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Abstract |
The purpose of this work is to enhance the understanding of command and control in collectives, paying particular attention to coalition situations when multiple, typically autonomous agencies are expected to work together harmoniously. There are two different approaches to dealing with commands, one approach focuses on individual command components and the other studies the interplay between different commands. This paper is a first attempt at bringing these two views together, with the aim of understanding what is needed for human autonomous systems to work as collectives through command and control systems that achieve their full capability through “command by intent”, while also encouraging and encompassing new agile behaviour both at the individual and organizational level. We have identified key aspects of commands in collectives (both from existing literature and from our own work) and demonstrate our findings in case studies taken from hurricane Katrina, 1995 Oklahoma city bombings, the 2001 attack on the Pentagon, as well as some incidents of lower complexity, such as an oil spillage on a motorway. |
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Address |
University of Bath, United Kingdom |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie |
Place of Publication |
KIT; Baden-Baden |
Editor |
T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9783923704804 |
Medium |
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Track |
Coordination and Collaboration |
Expedition |
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Conference |
10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
|
Serial |
362 |
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Author |
Michael J. Chumer; Murray Turoff |
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Title |
Command and control (C2): Adapting the distributed military model for emergency response and emergency management |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2006 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
|
Pages |
465-476 |
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Keywords |
Civil defense; Command and control systems; Disasters; Information systems; Military applications; Risk management; Command and control; Emergency; Emergency management; Hro; Response; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
The military use of Command and Control (C2) has been refined over centuries of use and developed through years of combat situations. This C2 model is framed as process, function, and organization, suggesting that emergency response organizations and emergency management structure their non military C2 and subsequent response scenarios within the C2 framework established in this paper. |
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Address |
IS Department, NJIT University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, United States |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium |
Place of Publication |
Newark, NJ |
Editor |
B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9090206019; 9789090206011 |
Medium |
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Track |
Military and Civil Information Systems for Emergency Preparedness |
Expedition |
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Conference |
3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
397 |
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Author |
Tina Comes; Valentin Bertsch; Simon French |
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Title |
Designing dynamic stress tests for improved critical infrastructure resilience |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2013 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
307-311 |
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Keywords |
Critical infrastructures; Decision making; Economic and social effects; Embedded systems; Information systems; Robustness (control systems); Mcda; Participatory approach; Resilience; Stress test; Vulnerability; Public works |
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Abstract |
This paper outlines an approach to support decision-makers in designing resilient critical infrastructure (CI) networks. As CIs have become increasingly interdependent disruptions can have far-reaching impacts. We focus on the vulnerability of CIs and the socio-economic systems, in which they are embedded, independent from any initial risk event. To determine which disruptions are the most severe and must be avoided, quantitative and qualitative assessments of a disruption's consequences and the perspectives of multiple stakeholders need to be integrated. To this end, we combine the results of consequence models and expert assessments into stress test scenarios, which are evaluated using multi-criteria decision analysis techniques. This approach enables dynamic adaption of the stress tests in the face of a fast changing environment and to take account of better information about interdependencies or changing preferences. This approach helps make trade-offs between costs for resilient CIs and potential losses of disruptions clearly apparent. |
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Address |
University of Agder, Norway; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany; University of Warwick, United Kingdom |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie |
Place of Publication |
KIT; Baden-Baden |
Editor |
T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9783923704804 |
Medium |
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Track |
Decision Support Systems |
Expedition |
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Conference |
10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
405 |
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Author |
Soussan Djamasbi; Eleanor T. Loiacono; Yitzhak Mendelson |
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Title |
Affect feedback during crisis and its role in improving IS utilization |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2010 – 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Defining Crisis Management 3.0, Proceedings |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2010 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Hardware; Affect; Call centers; Controlled environment; Controlled laboratories; Crisis decisions; Research questions; Information systems |
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Abstract |
This research looks at a portion of a larger research question, which is does including affect feedback into an existing 911 call taking process improve IS utilization? The first step is to look at the impact of affect feedback in a controlled environment so that possible issues that could arise can be mitigated early on before actual implementation in a call center is performed. This paper focuses on the first step, a controlled laboratory experiment, which is explained in the methodology section of this paper. |
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Address |
Worcester Polytechnic Institute, United States |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Seattle, WA |
Editor |
S. French, B. Tomaszewski, C. Zobel |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Track |
Human-Computer Interaction |
Expedition |
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Conference |
7th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
453 |
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Author |
Tom Duffy; Chris Baber; Neville Stanton |
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Title |
Measuring collaborative sensemaking |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2013 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
561-565 |
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Keywords |
Hardware; Social networking (online); Collaborative sensemaking; Consensus; Hierarchical control structure; Information diffusion; Intelligence analysis; International studies; Quantitative method; Shared understanding; Information systems |
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Abstract |
Problems of collaborative sensemaking are evident in major incident response where sharing salient information is key to the shared understanding of the situation. In this paper we propose that differences in sensemaking performance can be captured through quantitative methods derived from consideration of network structure and information diffusion as the group collaborates to achieve consensus in a problem-solving task. We present analysis from a large international study in which groups of people collaborate to solve an intelligence analysis problem. Our initial analysis suggests that 'edge' groups are able to collaborate more efficiently and perform better than those which have a hierarchical control structure. |
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Address |
University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Southampton, United Kingdom |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie |
Place of Publication |
KIT; Baden-Baden |
Editor |
T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9783923704804 |
Medium |
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Track |
Innovations in Research |
Expedition |
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Conference |
10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
460 |
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