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	Author	Phil Hanson; Caitlin McDougall
	Title	Enabling Collaborative and Resilient Emergency Management Efforts: DFES and Western Australia's Adoption of a Common Operating Picture			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific.	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram Ap 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	75-82
	Keywords	Collaboration, resilience, common operating picture, emergency management, preparedness
	Abstract	Following two Major Incident Reviews and a request from WA's governing emergency management body, DFES WA acknowledged that their incident management processes were not supporting seamless communication and collaboration. After identifying their unique needs, DFES implemented two web-enabled platforms: WebEOC, a Crisis Information Management System and Whispir, a multichannel notifications solution. Both systems offer DFES and, in turn, WA communities a level of transparency, collaboration and accuracy not previously available. Recently, six of WA's key government agencies have connected their WebEOC platforms via a single information hub. Through this, they can share and disseminate crucial information within a common operating picture, have complete situational awareness, and rapidly and intelligently prepare for and respond to incidents. WA is the first Australian state to have such a platform implemented and, through these efforts, its agencies are ensuring increased efficiency, collaboration and resiliency for themselves and the wider WA population.
	Address	Critchlow Ltd.; Critchlow Ltd.
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Univeristy	Place of Publication	Albany, Auckland, New Zealand	Editor	Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Resilience to cope with the unexpected	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1657
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	Author	Irmana Sampedro; Matthew Hughes
	Title	Underground Infrastructure and EQ events: how an advanced condition assessment and data collection process will assist in the planning for and recovery from an EQ event			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific.	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram Ap 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	254-262
	Keywords	Condition Assessment, Emergency Management, Data Collection, GIS, Earthquake
	Abstract	Is your organisation ready to cope with underground infrastructure condition assessment data collected after an earthquake? Drawing on lessons from the 2010-2011 Canterbury and 2016 Kaikoura earthquakes, we provide guidance on how to make small differences in how your organisation currently collects and stores the necessary condition data to prepare for emergencies, especially for small- and medium-size councils without sophisticated asset management systems. Key questions to address include: Are you receiving condition assessment data in electronic format? Are your contractors providing XY coordinates when repairs are undertaken, or when providing photographs as part of visual assessment? Do you have an asset management system able to prioritise critically damaged underground infrastructure? Do you have easy access to your current network condition for insurance purposes? Simple business-as-usual improvements will provide enhanced preparedness and resilience capability in the event of an earthquake. In addition, we provide a framework for future data collection processes.
	Address	Christchurch City Council; University of Canterbury
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Univeristy	Place of Publication	Albany, Auckland, New Zealand	Editor	Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Geospatial and temporal information capture, management, and analytics in support of Disaster Decision Making	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1667
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	Author	Jana Kaeppler
	Title	GIS4EM Multi-Tenanted Approach toAGOL Applications for EmergencyManagement (Mackenzie, Hurunui andKaikoura District Councils, NewZealand)			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific.	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram Ap 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	233-245
	Keywords	GIS, AGOL Solutions, Emergency Management, Mackenzie, New Zealand
	Abstract	With the Hurunui (HDC), Mackenzie (MDC) and Kaikoura (KDC) District Councils sharing their Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Information Technology (IT) resources since 2017 it was decided to work on a GIS strategy for Emergency Management (EM) that would be applicable for all three councils as in the past geospatial skills and tools did not get equally utilised at all three councils during emergency and training events. ArcGIS Online (AGOL) was chosen as a common platform for a fully cloud based approach to the new Emergency Management Applications. The core modules of these applications are Story maps, WebApp Builder, Survey123, Operations Dashboard, Workforce and AppStudio. The development of these applications is a work-in-progress situation which is driven by the constant conversation and testing between the GIS person and the Emergency Management (EM) officers and a work flow is being developed to integrate these applications into the existing Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) picture. We believe once finalised this set of applications will add great functionality to New Zealand's Coordinated Incident Management System (CIMS) by providing interactive and cloud based visual geospatial information, situational awareness, forecasting, task management and task tracking.
	Address	Hurunui District Council
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Univeristy	Place of Publication	Albany, Auckland, New Zealand	Editor	Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Geospatial and temporal information capture, management, and analytics in support of Disaster Decision Making	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1675
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	Author	Gavin Treadgold; James Gunn; Paul Morton; Simon Chambers
	Title	Developing a regional approach and strategy for geographical information systems for emergency management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific.	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram Ap 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	190-199
	Keywords	Emergency management, geospatial information, information management, common operating picture, interoperability
	Abstract	This paper outlines practitioner work-in-progress in Canterbury, New Zealand, to develop a regional approach for geographical information systems (GIS) for emergency management. This is based upon recent events in Canterbury including earthquakes, floods, and fire; as well as New Zealand-wide work that is being done under the NZ GIS4EM banner. It introduces our approach, discusses a mind map that is being used to track desired data sets, plans to develop applications to support response functions in emergency operations centres, and the goal of using the common data sets as the basis of a common operating picture for Canterbury. Risks and issues associated with this work are highlighted, and then the draft strategy is introduced with desired outcomes and principles to achieve this goal. While initial work is primarily focused on GIS, the expectation is that the approach will be expanded to take a broader information management perspective in future.
	Address	Christchurch City Council; Environment Canterbury; Canterbury Civil Defence Emergency Management Group; Ministry of Civil Defence Emergency Management
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Univeristy	Place of Publication	Albany, Auckland, New Zealand	Editor	Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Data Issues for Situation/Disaster Awareness	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1678
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	Author	Marta Poblet Balcell; Stan Karanasios; Vanessa Cooper
	Title	Look after Your Neighbours: Social Media and Vulnerable Groups during Extreme Weather Events			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific.	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram Ap 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	408-415
	Keywords	Social media, vulnerable populations, extreme weather events, emergency management organisations
	Abstract	Emergency management organisations across the world routinely use social media to reach out populations for preparedness and response to extreme weather events. In this paper we present a preliminary analysis of social media strategies towards vulnerable populations in the State of Victoria (Australia). Using the notion of vulnerability in an emergency management context (e.g. older persons, socially/geographically isolated persons, people with disabilities, refugee/recent migrant communities) we explore whether and how organisations address vulnerable groups with targeted messages. Our initial findings suggest that organisations do not tend to interact directly with these groups. Rather, reliance on 'information brokers' (intermediary organisations and individuals with an expected duty of care) seems to be a preferred strategy.
	Address	RMIT University; RMIT University; RMIT University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Univeristy	Place of Publication	Albany, Auckland, New Zealand	Editor	Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Social Media and Community Engagement Supporting Resilience Building	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1679
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	Author	Linda Plotnick; Murray Turoff; Starr Roxanne Hiltz; Julie Dugdale
	Title	Thumbs up? Attitudes of Emergency Managers to Proposed Masters Programs in EM With an IS Focus			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2017	Publication	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2017
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1030-1042
	Keywords	Emergency Management Education; Master's curricula
	Abstract	Information Systems (IS) increasingly are used in Emergency Management (EM), so it is prudent to include IS study in EM education. This paper presents the results of analyzing the responses to a survey that proposed potential courses for programs at the master's level. The survey was completed by 373 practitioners, academics and/or researchers with EM experience. All proposed courses were rated above 4 on a 7-point scale for how essential they are to the curriculum. However, there were disagreements. Qualitative analysis of volunteered comments indicate that some low ratings were due to disagreement with the content of the course as described, or with the need for an entire course to cover the topic. An unexpected finding was that a substantial number of respondents spontaneously expressed opposition to the use of IS for EM in general. The findings are discussed and a preliminary curriculum is proposed.
	Address	Plotnick Consulting LLC; New Jersey Institute of Technology; University of Grenoble-Alps, LIG; University of Agder
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Albi, France	Editor	Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Future Trends	Expedition		Conference	14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2086
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	Author	Xiaojing Guo; Xinzhi Wang; Luyao Kou; Hui Zhang
	Title	A Question Answering System Applied to Disasters			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	2-16
	Keywords	Emergency Management, Disaster, Natural Language Processing, Deep Learning
	Abstract	In emergency management, identifying disaster information accurately and promptly out of numerous documents like news articles, announcements, and reports is important for decision makers to accomplish their mission efficiently. This paper studies the application of the question answering system which can automatically locate answers in the documents by natural language processing to improve the efficiency and accuracy of disaster knowledge extraction. Firstly, an improved question answering model was constructed based on the advantages of the existing neural network models. Secondly, the English question answering dataset pertinent to disasters and the Chinese question answering dataset were constructed. Finally, the improved neural network model was trained on the datasets and tested by calculating the F1 and EM scores which indicated that a higher question answering accuracy was achieved. The improved system has a deeper understanding of the semantic information and can be used to construct the disaster knowledge graph.
	Address	Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University; School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University; Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University; Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	AI and Intelligent Systems for Crises and Risks	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	gxj19@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2308
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	Author	Briony Gray; Matthew Colling
	Title	Supporting Emergency Health Services during a Pandemic: Lessons from the Canadian Red Cross			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	320-332
	Keywords	Pandemic, Health, Emergency Management, The Red Cross, COVID-19
	Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has tested Canada's readiness capacity as emergency health needs continue to exceed some communities' capacity to respond. To address this variance, the Canadian Red Cross (in collaboration with local, provincial, territorial, national, and Indigenous partners) have leveraged international experience in humanitarian response and preparedness, developing innovative new response services, delivery modalities, and protocol through which to mitigate and manage risk. This approach breaks down emergency management into two main streams – health interventions and disaster management – to innovatively and effectively cope with increasingly complex and frequent requests for support. Using internal data from within the Canadian Red Cross, this paper presents and discusses the services, roles and expectations of this two-stream approach which has been designed to (i.) support COVID-19 testing and vaccination, (ii.) support outbreak crisis management, especially through epidemic, prevention, and control interventions, and (iii.) support traditional emergency management responses in the midst of a pandemic. It concludes by reporting on the successes of the two-stream approach to date while scoping further the potential evolutionary track of some of these services, their underpinning methodology, and appetite for recovery operations in the near future. This approach may therefore be of value to other organizations or practitioners coping with emergency management challenges during a pandemic.
	Address	The Canadian Red Cross; The Canadian Red Cross
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Disaster Public Health & Healthcare Informatics in the Pandemic	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	bjg1g11@soton.ac.uk			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2336
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	Author	Tinghao Zhang; Lida Huang; Tao Chen; Shuo Bai
	Title	GIS Based Emergency Management Framework for Large-scale Events: A Case Study of the Torch Relay Activity			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	503-514
	Keywords	Arcgis, large-scale event, emergency management, epidemic prevention
	Abstract	Due to the high popular concentration of large-scale events, once an emergency (like a stampede) occurs, it will often cause severe casualties. Moreover, since the widespread of the COVID-19, the prevention of the novel coronavirus should also be considered during mass gatherings. How to reduce the probability and potential consequence of emergencies is of great significance. This research designs an emergency management framework using ArcGIS-based geographic information technology for large-scale events. To verify the effectiveness of our framework, we take the Winter Olympic torch relay in university as an example. The paper is mainly divided into two parts, emergency resource allocation and the emergency prevention model. The former part focuses on the site selection of emergency sentries and emergency hospitals during the torch relay. In the latter part, an emergency prevention model is designed for two significant emergencies: stampede and epidemic.
	Address	Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University Hefei
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Geospatial Technologies and Geographic Information Science for Crisis Management (GIS)	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	zth19@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2351
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	Author	Cody Buntain; Richard Mccreadie; Ian Soboroff
	Title	Incident Streams 2020: TRECIS in the Time of COVID-19			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	621-639
	Keywords	Emergency Management, Crisis Informatics, Twitter, Categorization, Prioritization, COVID-19
	Abstract	Between 2018 and 2019, the Incident Streams track (TREC-IS) has developed standard approaches for classifying the types and criticality of information shared in online social spaces during crises, but the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 has shifted the landscape of online crises substantially. While prior editions of TREC-IS have lacked data on large-scale public-health emergencies as these events are exceedingly rare, COVID-19 has introduced an over-abundance of potential data, and significant open questions remain about how existing approaches to crisis informatics and datasets built on other emergencies adapt to this new context. This paper describes how the 2020 edition of TREC-IS has addressed these dual issues by introducing a new COVID-19-specific task for evaluating generalization of existing COVID-19 annotation and system performance to this new context, applied to 11 regions across the globe. TREC-IS has also continued expanding its set of target crises, adding 29 new events and expanding the collection of event types to include explosions, fires, and general storms, making for a total of 9 event types in addition to the new COVID-19 events. Across these events, TREC-IS has made available 478,110 COVID-related messages and 282,444 crisis-related messages for participant systems to analyze, of which 14,835 COVID-related and 19,784 crisis-related messages have been manually annotated. Analyses of these new datasets and participant systems demonstrate first that both the distributions of information type and priority of information vary between general crises and COVID-19-related discussion. Secondly, despite these differences, results suggest leveraging general crisis data in the COVID-19 context improves performance over baselines. Using these results, we provide guidance on which information types appear most consistent between general crises and COVID-19.
	Address	New Jersey Institute of Technology; University of Glasgow; National Institute of Standards and Technology
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilience	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	cbuntain@njit.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2360
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	Author	Tsai, C.-H.; Rayi, P.; Kadire, S.; Wang, Y.-F.; Krafka, S.; Zendejas, E.; Chen, Y.-C.
	Title	Co-Design Disaster Management Chatbot with Indigenous Communities			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-12
	Keywords	Native American; Emergency Management; Artificial intelligence; Conversational Agent; Human-Centered Computing
	Abstract	Indigenous communities are disproportionately impacted by rising disaster risk, climate change, and environmental degradation due to their close relationship with the environment and its resources. Unfortunately, gathering the necessary information or evidence to request or co-share sufficient funds can be challenging for indigenous people and their lands. This paper aims to co-design an AI-based chatbot with two tribes and investigate their perception and experience of using it in disaster reporting practices. The study was conducted in two stages. Firstly, we interviewed experienced first-line emergency managers and invited tribal members to an in-person design workshop. Secondly, based on qualitative analysis, we identified three themes of emergency communication, documentation, and user experience. Our findings support that indigenous communities favored the proposed Emergency Reporter chatbot solution. We further discussed how the proposed chatbot could empower the tribes in disaster management, preserve sovereignty, and seek support from other agencies.
	Address	Technical University of Darmstadt
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Usability and Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/RZLJ7481			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2501
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	Author	Petrenj, B.; Piraina, M.; Borghetti, F.; Marchionni, G.; Urbano, V.
	Title	Cross-border Digital Platform for Transport Critical Infrastructure Resilience: Functionalities and Use Case			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	96-111
	Keywords	Critical Infrastructure; Cross-border; Information-sharing; Transport; ICT platform; Resilience; Use-case; Emergency management
	Abstract	The resilience of increasingly interdependent Critical Infrastructure (CI) systems hugely depends on the stakeholder organizations’ ability to exchange information and coordinate, while CI’s cross-border dimension further increases the complexity and challenges. This paper presents the progress in the Lombardy Region (Italy) and Canton Ticino (Switzerland) on the joint capacity to manage disruptive events involving transportation CI between the two countries. We present a cross-border digital platform (Critical Infrastructure Platform – PIC) and its main functionalities for improved cross-border risk and resilience management of CI. A use case, based on a scenario of an intense snowfall along the transboundary motorway impacting both countries, demonstrates how PIC advances the exchange of information, its visualization and analysis in real-time. The use case also shows the practical value of the digital platform and its potential to support the management of cross-border events (and their cascading events) that require the cooperation of Italian and Swiss actors.
	Address	Politecnico di Milano, School of Management; Politecnico di Milano, School of Management; Politecnico di Milano, Mobililty and Transport Laboratory; Politecnico di Milano, Mobililty and Transport Laboratory; Aria S.p.A., Lombardy Region
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Enhancing Protection of Critical Infrastructures	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/OSFA3002			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2510
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	Author	LaLone, N.; Dugas, P.O.T.; Semaan, B.
	Title	The Crisis of Designing for Disaster: How to Help Emergency Management During The Technology Crisis We Created			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	126-143
	Keywords	Crisis Informatics; Participatory Design; Ethnography Emergency Management; Please Stop Trying to Make Fetch Happen
	Abstract	Emergency Management (EM) is experiencing a crisis of technology as technologists have attempted to innovate standard operating procedures with minimal input from EM. Unsurprisingly, there has yet to be a success. Instead, technologists have focused on consumer culture and fostered a slow-moving crisis as the gap between what consumers and EM can do is deep. At present, the most ubiquitous aspect of technology in disaster is its capacity to exacerbate response, create new kinds of disaster, and create consumer expectations that EM cannot meet. In the present work, we highlight how and why technological production needs to shift its ontological premises dramatically to meet the needs of technology for first responders. From supporting practice to taking a few steps back from the bleeding edge, we offer a range of suggestions based on the technological capacities of emergency management in the present and in the future.
	Address	University of Nebraska at Omaha; New Mexico State University; University of Colorado Boulder Affiliation
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/IUGT6097			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2512
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	Author	McCreadie, R.; Buntain, C.
	Title	CrisisFACTS: Buidling and Evaluating Crisis Timelines			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	320-339
	Keywords	Emergency Management; Crisis Informatics News; Twitter; Facebook; Reddit; Wikipedia; Summarization
	Abstract	Between 2018 and 2021, the Incident Streams track (TREC-IS) developed standard approaches for classifying information types and criticality of tweets during crises. While successful in producing substantial collections of labeled data, TREC-IS as a data challenge had several limitations: It only evaluated information at type-level rather than what was reported; it only used Twitter data; and it lacked measures of redundancy in system output. This paper introduces Crisis Facts and Cross-Stream Temporal Summarization (CrisisFACTS), a new data challenge piloted in 2022 and developed to address these limitations. The CrisisFACTS framework recasts TREC-IS into an event-summarization task using multiple disaster-relevant data streams and a new fact-based evaluation scheme, allowing the community to assess state-of-the-art methods for summarizing disaster events Results from CrisisFACTS in 2022 include a new test-collection comprising human-generated disaster summaries along with multi-platform datasets of social media, crisis reports and news coverage for major crisis events.
	Address	University of Glasgow; University of Maryland, College Park (UMD)
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Social Media for Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/JVQZ9405			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2529
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	Author	Grace, R.; Montarnal, A.; Petitdemange, E.; Rutter, J.; Rodriguez, G.R.; Potts, M.
	Title	Collaborative Information Seeking during a 911 Call Surge: A Case Study			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	649-662
	Keywords	Emergency Communications; Information Seeking; Emergency Management; Crisis Informatics
	Abstract	This case study examines collaborative information seeking in a public-safety answering point during a 911 call surge that occurred when a man fired an assault rifle at police officers and evaded capture for nearly an hour in March 2020. Overwhelmed by questionable and imprecise reports from 911 callers, telecommunicators and on scene responders began working together to conduct broad and deep searches for the shooter. Whereas broad searches improved the scope of information gathering by identifying multiple, albeit questionable and imprecise, reports of the suspect’s location, deep searches improved the quality of information gathering by investigating 911 callers’ reports using drone, helicopter, and patrol units. These findings suggest requirements for collaborative information seeking in public-safety answering points, including capabilities to conduct broad and deep searches using next-generation 911 technologies, and command and control requirements for triaging these search tasks within inter-organizational emergency response systems.
	Address	Texas Tech University; IMT Mines Albi; Pennsylvania State University; Chandler Police Department
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Command and Control Studies	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/ZFAY5505			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2554
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	Author	Cossentino, M.; Guastella, D.A.; Lopes, S.; Sabatucci, L.
	Title	Adaptive Execution of Workflows in Emergency Response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	784-796
	Keywords	Emergency Management; Disaster Response; Adaptive Workflow Execution; Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
	Abstract	In emergencies, preparation is of paramount importance but it is not sufficient. As we know, emergency agencies develop extensive (text) plans to deal with accidents that could occur in their territories; their personnel train to enact such procedures, but, despite that, the unpredictable conditions that occur during an emergency require the ability to adapt the plan promptly. This paper deals with the last mile of a process we defined for enabling the adaptive execution of such emergency plans. In previous works, we discussed how to convert a free-text plan into a structured-text form, represent this plan using standard modelling notations, and extract goals that plans prescribe to be fulfilled. In this paper, we propose an approach for executing these plans with a workflow execution engine enriched by the capability to support runtime adaptation.
	Address	National Research Council of Italy (CNR); Machine Learning Group Université Libre de Bruxelles; National Research Council of Italy (CNR); National Research Council of Italy (CNR)
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Applications, Tools, and Components for Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/ZOZS6664			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2566
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	Author	Rodriguez, R.; Bañuls, V.A.
	Title	Designing collaborative emergency plans for enhancing resilience in urban business parks			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1069-1069
	Keywords	Collaborative Emergency Planning; Business Parks; Emergency Management; Information Systems; Organizational Resilience
	Abstract	Nowadays, emergency planning is an intangible business asset that allows companies to better face the possible catastrophic events they may be exposed to. The aim of the present study was to determine what collaborative emergency planning is and which elements must be considered in it, taking into account that the purpose of this type of planning is to help several organizations to work together in any emergency. The data were gathered through focus groups in an industrial area of Southern Europe that comprises more than 2,500 companies. The results obtained in this work allowed defining the reach of Collaborative Emergency Planning in business parks, as well as its basic functionalities, emergency scenarios and aggravating scenarios. Lastly, it was determined that Collaborative Emergency Planning is a tool for the construction of Organizational Resilience.
	Address	Universidad Católica de Cuenca
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Poster	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2589
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	Author	Ben Ortiz; Laura Kahn; Marc Bosch; Philip Bogden; Viveca Pavon-Harr; Onur Savas; Ian McCulloh
	Title	Improving Community Resiliency and Emergency Response With Artificial Intelligence			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	35-41
	Keywords	Emergency Management, Semantic Segmentation, Inland Flood Modeling, Route Optimization.
	Abstract	New crisis response and management approaches that incorporate the latest information technologies are essential in all phases of emergency preparedness and response, including the planning, response, recovery, and assessment phases. Accurate and timely information is as crucial as is rapid and coherent coordination among the responding organizations. We are working towards a multi-pronged emergency response tool that provide stakeholders timely access to comprehensive, relevant, and reliable information. The faster emergency personnel are able to analyze, disseminate and act on key information, the more effective and timelier their response will be and the greater the benefit to affected populations. Our tool consists of encoding multiple layers of open source geospatial data including flood risk location, road network strength, inundation maps that proxy inland flooding and computer vision semantic segmentation for estimating flooded areas and damaged infrastructure. These data layers are combined and used as input data for machine learning algorithms such as finding the best evacuation routes before, during and after an emergency or providing a list of available lodging for first responders in an impacted area for first. Even though our system could be used in a number of use cases where people are forced from one location to another, we demonstrate the feasibility of our system for the use case of Hurricane Florence in Lumberton, a town of 21,000 inhabitants that is 79 miles northwest of Wilmington, North Carolina.
	Address	Accenture Federal Services; Accenture Federal Services; Accenture Federal Services; Accenture Federal Services; Accenture Federal Services; Accenture Federal Services
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-4	ISBN	2411-3390	Medium
	Track	AI Systems for Crisis and Risks	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	Laura.kahn@accenturefederal.com			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2205
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	Author	Patricia Quiroz-Palma; Ma Carmen Penadés; Ana-Gabriela Núñez
	Title	Resilience Learning for Emergency Plan Management in Organizations			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	558-567
	Keywords	Resilience, Emergency Management, Training, QuEP, CiET.
	Abstract	Many governments, organizations, practitioners and researchers involved in collaboration on resilience in emergency management are agreed that this is a key aspect. The QuEP+R framework aims to improve resilience in an organization's emergency plan management, in which the stakeholders must be adequately prepared and trained for their responsibilities in the emergency plan, providing techniques that propose the improvement of the emergency plan besides resilience. However, for these techniques to be effective, organizations need the theoretical resilience proposed in QuE+R to be implemented. The CiET framework was designed for this purpose and has learning objectives and training contents related to QuEP+R techniques to train stakeholders. The CiET capability plan contents have been classified by resilience dimensions towards the optimization of resilience in emergency plan management. The integration is supported by I+R-Tool, which generates the capability plans automatically from the results of the QuEP+R assessment, which outcomes in a stakeholder's effective training, contributing to the optimization and improvement of the resilience, therefore, in improving the quality of emergency plans. Hence, the aim remains to search for the continuous improvement of the emergency plan management within organizations.
	Address	ISSI-DSIC, Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Spain, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí; ISSI-DSIC, Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Spain; ISSI-DSIC, Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Spain, Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-52	ISBN	2411-3438	Medium
	Track	Planning, Foresight and Risk Analysis	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	patquipa@dsic.upv.es			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2253
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	Author	Lise Ann St. Denis; Amanda Lee Hughes; Jeremy Diaz; Kylen Solvik; Maxwell B. Joseph; Jennifer K. Balch
	Title	'What I Need to Know is What I Don't Know!': Filtering Disaster Twitter Data for Information from Local Individuals			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	730-743
	Keywords	Crisis Informatics, Social Media, Emergency Management, Situational Awareness.
	Abstract	We report on the design, development, and evaluation of a user labeling framework for social media monitoring by emergency responders. By labeling Twitter user accounts based on behavior and content, this novel approach identifies tweets from accounts belonging to Individuals generating Personalized content and captures information that might otherwise be missed. We evaluate the framework using training data from the 2018 Camp, Woolsey, and Hill fires. Approximately 30% of the Individual-Personalized tweets contain first-hand information, providing a rich stream of content for social media monitoring. Because it can quickly eliminate most redundant tweets, this framework could be a critical first step in an end-to-end information extraction pipeline. It may also generalize more easily for new disaster events since it relies on general user account attributes rather than tweet content. We conclude with next steps for refining and evaluating our framework in near real-time during a disaster response.
	Address	CIRES, Earth Lab, University of Colorado, Boulder; Crisis Informatics Lab Brigham Young University; Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, Department of Geography, Penn State University; CIRES, Earth Lab, Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder; CIRES, Earth Lab, University of Colorado, Boulder; CIRES, Earth Lab, Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-66	ISBN	2411-3452	Medium
	Track	Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilie	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	Lise.St.Denis@Colorado.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2267
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	Author	Richard McCreadie; Cody Buntain; Ian Soboroff
	Title	Incident Streams 2019: Actionable Insights and How to Find Them			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	744-760
	Keywords	Emergency Management, Crisis Informatics, Real-time, Twitter, Categorization.
	Abstract	The ubiquity of mobile internet-enabled devices combined with wide-spread social media use during emergencies is posing new challenges for response personnel. In particular, service operators are now expected to monitor these online channels to extract actionable insights and answer questions from the public. A lack of adequate tools makes this monitoring impractical at the scale of many emergencies. The TREC Incident Streams (TREC-IS) track drives research into solving this technology gap by bringing together academia and industry to develop techniques for extracting actionable insights from social media streams during emergencies. This paper covers the second year of TREC-IS, hosted in 2019 with two editions, 2019-A and 2019-B, contributing 12 new events and approximately 20,000 new tweets across 25 information categories, with 15 research groups participating across the world. This paper provides an overview of these new editions, actionable insights from data labelling, and the automated techniques employed by participant systems that appear most effective.
	Address	University of Glasgow; InfEco Lab, New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-67	ISBN	2411-3453	Medium
	Track	Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilie	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	richard.mccreadie@glasgow.ac.uk			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2268
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	Author	Rob Grace
	Title	Hyperlocal Toponym Usage in Storm-Related Social Media			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	849-859
	Keywords	Volunteered Geographic Information, Twitter, Information Behavior, Crisis Informatics, Emergency Management.
	Abstract	Crisis responders need to locate events reported in social media messages that typically lack geographic metadata such as geotags. Toponyms, places names referenced in messages, provide another source of geographic information, however, the availability and granularity of toponyms in crisis social media remain poorly understood. This study examines toponym usage and granularity across six categories of crisis-related information posted on Twitter during a severe storm. Findings show users often include geographic information in messages describing local and remote storm events but do so rarely when discussing other topics, more often use toponyms than geotags when describing local events, and tend to include fine-grained toponyms in reports of infrastructure damage and service disruption and course-grained toponyms in other kinds of storm-related messages. These findings present requirements for hyperlocal geoparsing techniques and suggest that social media monitoring presents more immediate affordances for course-grained damage assessment than fine-grained situational awareness during a crisis.
	Address	Texas Tech University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-75	ISBN	2411-3461	Medium
	Track	Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilie	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	rob.grace@ttu.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2276
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	Author	Edward J. Glantz; Frank E. Ritter; Don Gilbreath; Sarah J. Stager; Alexandra Anton; Rahul Emani
	Title	UAV Use in Disaster Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	914-921
	Keywords	Disaster Response, Emergency Management, Drone, Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV).
	Abstract	Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) provide multiple opportunities to first responders and disaster managers, especially as they continue to improve in affordability as well as capabilities. This paper provides a brief review of how UAV capabilities have been used in disaster management, examples of current use within disaster management, as well as adoption considerations. Example disaster domains include fires, tornadoes, flooding, building and dam collapses, crowd monitoring, search and rescue, and post disaster monitoring of critical infrastructures. This review can increase awareness and issues when considering UAVs by those challenged with the management of crisis and disaster events.
	Address	The Pennsylvania State University; The Pennsylvania State University; The Pennsylvania State University; The Pennsylvania State University; The Pennsylvania State University; The Pennsylvania State University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-81	ISBN	2411-3467	Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	edward.glantz@psu.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2282
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	Author	Michael Holzhüter; Ulrich Meissen
	Title	A Decentralized Reference Architecture for Interconnected Systems in Emergency Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	961-972
	Keywords	Civil Protection; Emergency Management; Interoperability; Interconnected Collaboration; Resilient Architecture
	Abstract	Optimal communication and information exchange are key elements for handling complex crises or disaster situations. With the increasing number of heterogeneous ICT systems, also raises the importance of adequate support for interconnectivity and information logistics between stakeholders to thoroughly gather information and to make quick but precise decisions. The main purpose of the information exchange is then to manage the crisis as quickly as possible, to provide full information to protect first responders' health and safety, to optimally dispatch resources, and to ensure coordination between different relief forces. Based on an end user survey with a particular focus on first responders, this paper introduces an evolutionary architecture to enable information exchange in crises situation or disasters. The aim is to provide a decentralized approach among heterogeneous ICT-systems which abstracts from the underlying communication technologies and heterogeneity of connected systems and fulfills the functional and non-functional requirements from end users.
	Address	Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin; Fraunhofer-Institut für Offene Kommunikationssysteme; Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin; Fraunhofer-Institut für Offene Kommunikationssysteme
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-86	ISBN	2411-3472	Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	michael.holzhueter@fokus.fraunhofer.de			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2287
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	Author	Pouyan Fotouhi Tehrani; Niklas von Kalckreuth; Selma Lamprecht
	Title	Toward an Integrative Model of Trust for Digital Emergency Communication			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1012-1021
	Keywords	Trust; Emergency Management; Digital Communication; Modeling
	Abstract	Digital technologies have become an integral enabler of communication during various phases of emergency management (EM). A crucial prerequisite of effective communication between authorities and the public during EM is the establishment of adequate mutual trust. Trust, however, is an elusive concept which is not easily translatable into technical settings. In this paper we propose an integrative model of trust in digital communication and show how such model can be advantageous in assessing and improving trust relations in context of EM. Our interdisciplinary model, which is based on findings from psychology, sociology and computer sciences provides an abstraction which not only seizes both subjective and objective as well as personal and non-personal, \eg institutional or cultural, aspects of trust but at the same time is concrete enough to be applicable to real-life scenarios.
	Address	Weizenbaum Institute, Fraunhofer FOKUS; Weizenbaum Institute, Humboldt University Berlin; Weizenbaum Institute, Fraunhofer FOKUS
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-91	ISBN	2411-3477	Medium
	Track	Usability and Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	pouyan.fotouhi.tehrani@fokus.fraunhofer.de			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2292
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