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	Author	Björn JE Johansson; Amanda Jaber; Joeri van Laere; Peter Berggren
	Title	Crisis Response During Payment Disruptions – The Themes of TRAMS			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	264-275
	Keywords	Crisis Management, Payment Disruptions, Resilience, Thematic Analysis.
	Abstract	A qualitative analysis of observation protocols and audio recordings from 14 crisis response exercises has been conducted revealing eight themes reoccurring in multi-disciplinary team discussions about crisis response to large disruptions to the card payment system. The themes were: Coordinate and collaborate, Payment options, Cash circulation, Fuel and transportation, Security, Inform, communicate and the media, Hoarding and rationing, and Vulnerable groups. The analysis suggest that Swedish society is vulnerable to disruptions in the card payment services, largely due to a low diversity in payment options, the lack of prepared back up solutions for payment, and insufficient cash flows to support a cash only scenario. A longer (several days) disruption in the card payment system will demand coordinating mechanisms for information management, available payment options, and preparedness for rapid establishment of cash flows. Today, these mechanisms do not exist. Simulation exercises with stake-holders are an important mean for increasing awareness about these vulnerabilities and the challenges associated with coping with them.
	Address	Linköping University; Linköping University; Skövde University; Linköping University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-26	ISBN	2411-3412	Medium
	Track	Command & Control Studies	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	bjorn.j.johansson@liu.se			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2227
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	Author	Kristine Steen-Tveit; Jaziar Radianti; Bjørn Erik Munkvold
	Title	SMS-based real-time data collection for evaluation of situational awareness and common operational picture: lessons learned from a field exercise			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	276-284
	Keywords	Real-time Data Collection, Emergency Exercises, Situational Awareness, Common Operational Picture.
	Abstract	Managing complex multi-agency emergency operations requires that the key actors have a holistic, correct and dynamic situational awareness (SA) and that the involved actors establish a common operational picture (COP). Establishing SA and COP are key objectives in many multi-agency exercises, however, reported research shows limitations in existing methods and approaches for collecting the data required for evaluating this. By being able to capture near real-time information during different phases of the exercise we will be better positioned to identify what works well and what does not work in the process of establishing SA and COP. Our paper presents an example of real-time data collection using SMS during a multi-agency field exercise. Overall, the results support the idea of this as an effective method for collecting real-time data for analyzing the formation of SA and a COP among actors in emergency management.
	Address	Centre for Integrated Emergency Management (CIEM), University of Agder, Norway; University of Agder, Norway; University of Agder, Norway
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-27	ISBN	2411-3413	Medium
	Track	Command & Control Studies	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	kristine.steen-tveit@uia.no			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2228
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	Author	Stephan Weijman; Kenny Meesters
	Title	Shifting Control and Trust: Exploring Implications of Introducing Delegated Decision Support Systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	285-294
	Keywords	Command & Control (C2), Information Systems, Delegated decision-making, Empowerment, Trust & Control.
	Abstract	Increased information access and more intelligent information systems enable more operators in an organization to autonomously make decisions. These delegated decision-making opportunities play an important role during critical events, as operators -such as emergency teams and responders- can work independently and rely less on a centralized decision-making structure. Moreover, the operators' perceived level of trust increases while also limiting the coordinators' perceived control. In this paper, we examine the influence of such systems on the shift in perceived control and empowerment for both operators and commanders. In our experiments, conducted at the Royal Netherlands Air Force, we found that the introduction of these systems indeed affects perceived control and empowerment, specifically as perceived by the coordinator. These factors will play an important role in the effective use of such systems and their transformative effect on an organization. Especially considering the ongoing technical and organizational developments in crisis information management.
	Address	Royal Netherlands Air Force; Tilburg University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-28	ISBN	2411-3414	Medium
	Track	Command & Control Studies	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	s.weijman@mindef.nl			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2229
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	Author	Erik AM Borglund; Martina Granholm
	Title	You Talk the Talk – But What Do You Talk About?			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	295-302
	Keywords	Command and Control, Common Operational Picture, Talk-Groups, TETRA, Transboundary Crisis.
	Abstract	Post-crisis analysis of transboundary crises in Sweden is problematic due to limited documentation. We believe that there is a need to find tools to better understand the command and control, and to understand how the information sharing that takes place during larger crises works. This paper presents the results of an ongoing research, as well as findings about how the TETRA system is used for information sharing in transboundary crises. The data used was collected from two large emergency exercises, where Swedish, Finnish and Norwegian TETRA systems were merged. Communication in 10 shared talk groups was recorded, transcribed and analyzed. The communication in shared TETRA-talk-groups mostly focused on information about the accident, the recourses and first respond units, as well as the actions of each unit. The research also exemplifies and shows that communication within TETRA-talk-groups in transboundary crisis can give new insight into how command and control works.
	Address	Mid Sweden University; Mid Sweden University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-29	ISBN	2411-3415	Medium
	Track	Command & Control Studies	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	erik.borglund@miun.se			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2230
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	Author	Andreas Lotter; Philipp John; Patricia Schütte; Florian Brauner; Frank Fiedrich
	Title	Field Observation of Parallel Working Coordination Groups and Command and Control Centres to Understand and Improve Inter-organizational Information Management – A Methodical Approach			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	303-314
	Keywords	Information Management, Field Observation, Coordination Groups, Command and Control Centres, Risk and Crisis Management.
	Abstract	In emergency response, parallel working coordination groups and command and control centres are responsible to deal with complex events. A well-functioning exchange of information between organizations, officials and these coordination groups is the basis for an efficient risk management. This paper describes a methodical ap-proach for field observation to understand and improve the inter-organizational information management be-tween the involved partners. The method was tested within a practical approach and possible occurring problems during the observation were identified and solutions for these problems are provided.
	Address	University of Wuppertal, Germany; University of Wuppertal, Germany; University of Wuppertal, Germany; Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe AG; University of Wuppertal, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-30	ISBN	2411-3416	Medium
	Track	Command & Control Studies	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	lotter@uni-wuppertal.de			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2231
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	Author	Jean-Paul Monet; Pierre Schaller; Sergio Pirone; Marc Castellnou Ribau; Stéphane Poyau; Marc Dumas
	Title	Civil Protection in Europe: Towards a Unified Command System? Lessons Learned, Studies and Ideas About Change Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	315-325
	Keywords	Crisis Management, Incident, Command and Control System, Interoperability, European Union.
	Abstract	After the summer 2017 deadly wildfires in Portugal, President Juncker of the European Commission asked for “a stronger European Union (EU)”, clearly targeting civil protection management. This wish found achievement in the March 2019 guidance to establish a reserve of EU response capacities called “rescEU”, integrated into the jurisdictional basis of EU civil protection. However, the authors regret the ambition of this plan has not been fulfilled. Due to some very “European constraints” this “new deal” has introduced only small changes in terms of resources and knowledge management. In each of the past several years, climate change has brought new examples of fatal natural disasters: wildfires in Sweden, and Greece, and flash floods in Spain and France. Because of this continuous rise in disasters, and based on some lessons learned, the authors stress that it's now time to shape a project to improve European Civil Protection. The idea is to move from the already good modular system of the EU Civil Protection Mechanism to an integrated, robust, and unique European Command System, which clearly must be fully interoperable with other existing mechanisms (US ICS, UNOCHA...).
	Address	Bouches-du-Rhône Fire department; National French Fire Academy (Ensosp); Corpo forestal Piemonte, Italy; Pau Costa foundation, Spain; Landes Fire department; Bouches-du-Rhône Fire department
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-31	ISBN	2411-3417	Medium
	Track	Command & Control Studies	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	jpmonet@sdis13.fr			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2232
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	Author	Yannic Schulte; Miriam Klein; Marcus Wiens; Frank Fiedrich
	Title	Spontaneous Volunteers Across National Borders: An Agent-Based Comparison			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	327-336
	Keywords	Spontaneous Volunteers, Cross-Border, Borderland, Agent-Based Modelling, Disaster Management.
	Abstract	In today's globalized world and with the extensive use of social media, there is a high connectivity of people across countries, which can be a helpful potential in disaster response. In a coordinated manner, spontaneous volunteers from neighbouring nations can provide high manpower and resources to a disaster affected area. In this article, we discuss why the consideration of spontaneous volunteers is relevant in a cross-border context in order to improve disaster resilience for borderlands. Furthermore, we introduce a baseline agent-based model to simulate cooperation procedures for the involvement of spontaneous volunteers to the official crisis response in a borderland and discuss important issues that need to be addressed in future considerations.
	Address	Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Bergische Universität Wuppertal
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-32	ISBN	2411-3418	Medium
	Track	Cross-Border Resilience	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	yschulte@uni-wuppertal.de			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2233
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	Author	Eric Rigaud; Anouck Adrot; Frank Fiedrich; Nour Kanaan; Miriam Klein; Farnaz Mahdavian; Yannic Schulte; Marcus Wiens; Frank Schultmann
	Title	Borderland Resilience Studies			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	338-355
	Keywords	Borderland, Resilience, Risk Assessment, Command Control and Coordination.
	Abstract	This article describes the definition and characteristics of borderland resilience studies as an academic field, and precisely its core phenomenon, major themes or components and challenges. The phenomenon of borderland resilience is firstly defined. The results of empirical studies complete the conceptual description. Finally, the article proposes a set of research and development challenges.
	Address	MINES ParisTech, PSL – Research University, CRC, Sophia Antipolis, France; Universite Paris Dauphine, PSL – Research University, Paris, France; Bergische Universitat Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany; Universite Paris Dauphine, PSL – Research University, Paris, France; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruh, Germany; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruh, Germany; Bergische Universitat Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsuh, Germany; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruh, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-33	ISBN	2411-3419	Medium
	Track	Data and Resilience: Opportunities and Challenges	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	Eric.rigaud@mines-paristech.fr			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2234
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	Author	Briony Gray
	Title	Turning Words into Wisdom: A Framework for Using Post-Disaster Data for Community Resilience			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	356-365
	Keywords	Resilience, Recovery, Framework, Small Island Developing States, Social Capital.
	Abstract	Small island developing states (SIDs) face a range of underlying issues that increase their vulnerability and risk to disaster. This commonly results in a lack of available, reliable and actionable data for both island nations as well as their insular communities. Simultaneously, issues such as climate change make their riskscapes unique and challenging to mitigate, forcing the need to find methods of improving community resiliency. This paper uses qualitative interviews conducted in the post-disaster phase of the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season to highlight the main issues experienced by communities. It then uses these, as well as literature guidance, to create a Lessons Learnt Framework (LLF) designed to challenge underlying assumptions, assess management efforts, discuss and record community experiences, and to feedback social capital into vulnerable communities to support future community resilience.
	Address	University of Southampton
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-34	ISBN	2411-3420	Medium
	Track	Data and Resilience: Opportunities and Challenges	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	Bjg1g11@soton.ac.uk			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2235
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	Author	Xinyuan Zhang; Nan Li
	Title	Assessment of the Correlation between Extreme Weather Event-Induced Human Mobility Perturbation in Urban Areas and their Spatial Characteristics based on Taxi Trajectories			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	366-380
	Keywords	Extreme Weather Event, Human Mobility, Perturbation, Resilience, Spatial Distribution.
	Abstract	Extreme weather events (EWEs) are significant threats to urban regions. One major reflection of such impact is the EWE-induced perturbation to urban human mobility, which has been documented in a number of recent studies. This study aims to examine the spatial distribution of such perturbation within a city among different areas that are characterized by the type of function and the distance to city center. A case study was conducted on a major rainstorm in the City of Nanjing, China in 2017, based on trajectories of all taxis in the city before and during the rainstorm. It was found that the rainstorm caused decrease in people's travel demand throughout the city, although the magnitude of perturbation and level of resilience notably differed among areas of different functional types. In addition, the urban mobility in areas distant from the city center were relatively less influenced by the rainstorm.
	Address	Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-35	ISBN	2411-3421	Medium
	Track	Data and Resilience: Opportunities and Challenges	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	xinyuan-16@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2236
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	Author	Josep Cobarsí; Laura Calvet
	Title	Community resilience instruments: Chances of improvement through customization and integration?			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	381-388
	Keywords	Community Resilience, Measurement Instruments, Disaster Risk Reduction, Stakeholders, Data.
	Abstract	Resilience is understood as the ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate, adapt to, transform and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner. So far, dozens of measurement instruments have been developed to measure community resilience to disasters, considering each one different types of hazards (general, natural, climate, man-made, etc.) and communities (general, urban, rural, etc.). However, none of these instruments has been widely adopted yet. In this context, we discuss important gaps for resilience research and practice. Then, we propose a conceptual framework to review community resilience instruments, so to enhance their improvement through two facets (or dimensions) we propose of customization and integration. This framework is characterized by the following properties for community resilience instruments: encapsulation, intelligibility, geographical focus, hazard range focus, connectivity, adaptability to dynamic conditions, datification, and stakeholders' involvement. We look forward to apply this framework to review a purposive sample of community resilience instruments regarding natural disasters.
	Address	Computer Science, Multimedia and Telecommunication Studies. Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. Barcelona (Spain); Computer Science, Multimedia and Telecommunication Studies. Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. Barcelona (Spain)
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-36	ISBN	2411-3422	Medium
	Track	Data and Resilience: Opportunities and Challenges	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	jcobarsi@uoc.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2237
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	Author	Derya Ipek Eroglu; Duygu Pamukcu; Laura Szczyrba; Yang Zhang
	Title	Analyzing and Contextualizing Social Vulnerability to Natural Disasters in Puerto Rico			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	389-395
	Keywords	Data Analytics, Hurricane María, Principal Component Analysis, Social Vulnerability Index.
	Abstract	As the third hurricane the U.S. experienced in 2017, Hurricane María generated impacts that resulted in both short term and long term suffering in Puerto Rico. In this study, we aim to quantify the vulnerability of Puerto Ricans by taking region and society specific characteristics of the island into account. To do this, we follow Cutter et al.'s social vulnerability calculation, which is an inductive approach that aims to represent a society based on its characteristics. We adapted the Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) for Puerto Rico by using data obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. We analyzed the newly calculated SoVI for Puerto Rico and compared it with the existing deductive approach developed by the Center for Disease Control (CDC). Our findings show that the new index is able to capture some characteristics that the existing vulnerability index is unable to do.
	Address	Virginia Tech; Virginia Tech; Virginia Tech; Virginia Tech
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-37	ISBN	2411-3423	Medium
	Track	Data and resilience: opportunities and challenges	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	deryaipek@vt.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2238
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	Author	Marc Schönefeld; Malte Schönefeld
	Title	IT-Security Awareness of Emergency Alert Apps			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	396-405
	Keywords	IT-Security; Security Awareness; Mobile Application; Disaster Management; Emergency Alert; Germany; Warning; Software Weakness; Population
	Abstract	The article presents first research-in-progress results of an initial assessment of the IT-security awareness of five exemplary German-language emergency-alert apps. Emergency-alert mobile applications became part of many modular-oriented warning systems around the globe. Warning and intended population behavior relies on trust upon the integrity of any warning institution, be it governmental or private. IT-security is crucial in order not to undermine trust. Emergency apps do not fit into the typical entertainment purpose of mobile applications, and we show that their primarily focus on keeping the user safe from harm can cause a conflict of interest about distribution of scarce technical resources on a mobile device, which may again endanger IT-Security. We therefore promote a better integration and standardization of disaster management functionality on the operating system layer.
	Address	Independent Researcher; Bergische Universität Wuppertal
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-38	ISBN	2411-3424	Medium
	Track	Data and resilience: opportunities and challenges	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	marc.schoenefeld@gmx.org			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2239
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	Author	Lennart Landsberg; David Ganske; Christopher Munschauer; Ompe Aimé Mudimu
	Title	Using Existing Data to Support Operational Emergency Response in Germany – Current Use Cases, Opportunities and Challenges			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	406-415
	Keywords	Emergency Response; Data Analytics; Artificial Intelligence (AI); Dispatch Strategies; Resilience
	Abstract	The availability of resources in the fire and ambulance services in Germany is facing a radical change. Demographic and social transition is reducing the availability of volunteer personnel, and increasing traffic congestion in cities is resulting in longer travel times for emergency vehicles. This paper presents the findings of the definition phase of a research project that addresses these changes. It shows the basic idea of how resilience of fire and ambulance services can be improved by analyzing operational data from past incidents using artificial intelligence (AI). The primary objective is the development of a decision support system for control center dispatchers, which ensures optimal use of available resources. As the result of the definition phase, this paper gives an overview of existing data, current as well as future use cases and also highlights risks and challenges that have to be considered.
	Address	TH Köln; TH Köln; TH Köln; TH Köln
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-39	ISBN	2411-3425	Medium
	Track	Data and Resilience: Opportunities and Challenges	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	lennart_walter.landsberg@th-koeln.de			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2240
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	Author	Mari Olsén; Niklas Hallberg; Per-Anders Oskarsson; Magdalena Granåsen
	Title	Exploring Capabilities that Constitute Inter-Organizational Crisis Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	417-426
	Keywords	Capability, Inter-organizational crisis management, Exercises, Assessment.
	Abstract	Crises are infrequent, unpredictable and complex events. Managing such events requires well-prepared and well-coordinated efforts by several response organizations. Hence, a sufficient inter-organizational crisis management (ICM) capability is critical for sustainable societies. To ensure the ICM capability, approaches for enhancing and evaluating it are needed. The objective of this study was to identify and elaborate a clearly defined set of capabilities that constitutes ICM capability. The study was performed by an explorative literature study, where identified capabilities related to ICM were clustered. The cluster of capabilities was iteratively evaluated and refined. The study resulted in 14 capabilities that constitute ICM capability, which were divided into core, supportive, and enabling capabilities. The set of capabilities may provide a foundation for a framework of ICM capability with the ability to support assessment of ICM performance both in exercises and in real ICM operations, as well as in the design of ICM exercises.
	Address	Swedish Defence Research Agency; Swedish Defence Research Agency; Swedish Defence Research Agency; Swedish Defence Research Agency
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-40	ISBN	2411-3426	Medium
	Track	Enhancing resilient response in inter-organizational contexts: Learning from experience	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	mari.olsen@foi.se			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2241
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	Author	Björn J E Johansson
	Title	Boundary Stories – A Systems Perspective on Inter-organizational Learning from Crisis Response Exercises			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	427-434
	Keywords	Inter-organizational Learning, Boundary-crossing Competence, Boundary Discourse, Systems Science, Complex Adaptive Systems.
	Abstract	Inter-organizational exercises are commonly conducted with the aim to improve overall crisis response system performance. However, there are challenges associated with establishing learning goals for, designing and evaluating inter-organizational exercises. This work-in-progress paper applies a systems science perspective on the Swedish crisis response system with the aim to understand (1) what kind of a system it is (2) what properties or mechanisms enable good system performance?, and, (3) what are desirable training goals for improving the crisis response capability of the Swedish crisis response system? The author suggests that (1) the Swedish crisis response system can be seen as a Complex Adaptive System, and (2) that the focus must shift from exercising organizations' intra-organizational capabilities to adaptive capabilities. The latter can be achieved by designing exercises comprising boundary-crossing activities with the purpose to support the buildup of boundary-crossing competence. Cross-organizational learning can be achieved by identifying, documenting and disseminating boundary stories.
	Address	Swedish Defence Research Agency
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-41	ISBN	2411-3427	Medium
	Track	Enhancing resilient response in inter-organizational contexts: Learning from experience	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	bjorn.j.e.johansson@foi.se			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2242
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	Author	Per-Anders Oskarsson; Magdalena Granåsen; Niklas Hallberg; Mari Olsén
	Title	Modeling of Crisis Management Systems: Results of a Systematic Literature Review			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	435-447
	Keywords	Interorganizational Crisis Management, Crisis Management, System Model, Literature Review
	Abstract	Models are important means to represent, explore, evaluate, and develop systems, such as interorganizational crisis management (ICM) systems. The objective was to explore how ICM systems are represented in the scientific literature, i.e., how ICM systems are modelled. The study was carried out as a systematic literature review. The results are presented as (1) organizational descriptions or models of ICM systems, (2) functional components of ICM systems, (3) analytical approaches used to model ICM systems, and (4) changes of ICM systems. The results revealed that ICM systems are described in various ways, and that descriptions of models are rather based on entities developed by the authors of the publications than on a common framework for describing ICM systems. The identified information on models, functional components, analytical approaches, and changes of the ICM systems provide important input to future work, e.g. comparing different models to determine their strengths and weaknesses.
	Address	Swedish Defence Resarch Agency; Swedish Defence Resarch Agency; Swedish Defence Resarch Agency; Swedish Defence Resarch Agency
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-42	ISBN	2411-3428	Medium
	Track	Enhancing resilient response in inter-organizational contexts: Learning from experience	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	niklas.hallberg@foi.se			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2243
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	Author	Hussain A. Syed; Marén Schorch; Volkmar Pipek
	Title	Disaster Learning Aid: A Chatbot Centric Approach for Improved Organizational Disaster Resilience			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	448-457
	Keywords	Chatbot; CALS; SMEs; Organizations; Disaster Resilience
	Abstract	The increasingly frequent occurrence of organizational crises exemplifies the need to strengthen organizational resilience. An example of business organizations is small and medium enterprises (SMEs) which contribute largely to the economic growth. But often, their limited resources (manpower, time, financial capital), organizational structure, focus on operational routines and less priority towards disaster resilience make them more vulnerable to crisis than bigger companies. The proposed solution addresses this dilemma by establishing a collaborative medium within the organization to improve disaster resilience by raising awareness and self-learning in employees without overburdening their constrained routines and resources. Our work in progress demonstrates a conceptual model of a learning aid (collaboration channel and a chatbot) that supports the pedagogical methodologies and employs them for enhancing learnability and awareness and elaborates the usability of interactive learning instilling disaster resilience in employees and hence in an organization.
	Address	University of Siegen, Germany; University of Siegen, Germany; University of Siegen, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-43	ISBN	2411-3429	Medium
	Track	Enhancing Resilient Response in Inter-Organizational Contexts: Learning from Experience	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	hussain.syed@uni-siegen.de			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2244
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	Author	Arnis Parsovs
	Title	Solving the Estonian ID Card Crisis: the Legal Issues			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	459-471
	Keywords	Cyber Resilience, Electronic Identity, Cyber Legislation, eIDAS.
	Abstract	In 2017, Estonia experienced a cyber crisis caused by a vulnerability found in the smart card chips produced by Infineon Technologies AG. Since the affected chip was used in the electronic identity card (ID card) issued by the State to more than half of the Estonian population, the vulnerability posed a risk to the resilience of Estonian e-state and thus quickly escalated into a manageable crisis. This work studies to what extent, in such a national emergency, the involved parties were able to precisely follow the applicable laws and regulations in the field. We enlist the cases where the requirements were not fully followed, either due to the lack of technical preparedness, suboptimal decisions made under heavy time pressure, or the critical nature of the situation.
	Address	STACC OU, Estonia University of Tartu, Estonia
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-44	ISBN	2411-3430	Medium
	Track	Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	arnis.parsovs@ut.ee			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2245
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	Author	Lixiong Chen; Monika Buscher; Yang Hu
	Title	Crowding Out the Crowd:The Transformation of Network Disaster Communication Patterns on Weibo			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	472-489
	Keywords	Weibo, Transformation, Crowding Out, Crisis Communication, Mobilities.
	Abstract	There is a surge in people turning to social media in disasters in China. In the 2010 Yushu earthquake, 5,979 Weibos were posted. Almost 10 years on, in the 2019 Yibin earthquake it was 17,495. This study presents a Social Network Analysis of the dynamics of this growth, taking the six major Chinese earthquakes of this decade as a case study. By constructing relationship matrices, the research reveals a transformation of networked crisis communication patterns on Weibo. We show how communication relationships between verified organisational users, government agencies, verified individual users (such as celebrities) and unverified ordinary users have changed, and we observe that government agencies are 'crowding out the crowd' of other users. We consider key aspects and the ethical complexities of this phenomenon.
	Address	Department of Sociology Lancaster University; Department of Sociology Lancaster University; Department of Sociology Lancaster University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-45	ISBN	2411-3431	Medium
	Track	Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	c.lixiong@lancaster.ac.uk			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2246
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	Author	Louis Ngamassi; Thiagarajan Ramakrishnan; Shahedur Rahman
	Title	Investigating the Use of Social Media by Underserved Communities for Disaster Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	490-496
	Keywords	Situational Theory of Problem Solving, Communicative Actions in Problem Solving, Social Media Use, Disaster Management, Underserved Communities.
	Abstract	Social media is emerging as a communication tool for successfully managing disasters. However, studies have shown that not all individuals are equally predisposed towards effectively using social media for disaster management. There still exists a big digital divide when it comes to using social media for disaster management. Drawing on situational theory of problem solving, we develop a conceptual model that examines the motivating factors for the underserved communities to use social media for disaster management. We further develop and cross-validate a questionnaire instrument to acilitate empirical research. We thus offer an empirical context for motivating individuals from underserved communities to use social media effectively during disasters.
	Address	Prairie View A Prairie View A&M University&M University; Prairie View A&M University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-46	ISBN	2411-3432	Medium
	Track	Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	longamassi@pvamu.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2247
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	Author	Artur Ricardo Bizon; Luciana P. de Araújo Kohler; Adilson Luiz Nicoletti; Fernanda Dal Bosco; Murilo Schramm da Silva; Thales Bohn Pessatti
	Title	Integration statistical systems for land cover mapping in Southern Brazil			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	498-505
	Keywords	Random Forest, Logistic Regression, Classifier, Google Earth Engine, Remote Sensing.
	Abstract	The remote sensing is a way to optimize the process of land cover classification allowing that this process will be by high definition images of satellite. For the research it was used the Google Earth Engine with JavaScript programming language to classify the images, identifying the areas with forest or reforest. It was identified that classifiers Random Forest and Logistic Regression have a high performance in classify the images. From them it was developed functions to process automatically of new images with purpose of classify them in relation to land cover.
	Address	Departamento de Engenharia Florestal -- Universidade Regional de Blumenau; Departamento de Engenharia Florestal -- Universidade Regional de Blumenau; Departamento de Engenharia Florestal -- Universidade Regional de Blumenau;Departamento de Engenharia Florestal -- Universidade Regional de Blumenau; Departamento de Engenharia Florestal -- Universidade Regional de Blumenau; Departamento de Engenharia Florestal -- Universidade Regional de Blumenau
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-47	ISBN	2411-3433	Medium
	Track	Geospatial Technologies and Geographic Information Science for Crisis Management (GIS)	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	abizon@furb.br			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2248
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	Author	Tomasz Opach; Jan Ketil Rød; Bjørn Erik Munkvold; Jaziar Radianti; Kristine Steen-Tveit; Lars Ole Grottenberg
	Title	Map-based Interfaces for Common Operational Picture			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	506-516
	Keywords	Common Operational Picture, Situational Awareness, Map-based Interface, Cartographic Design, Cartographic Symbolization.
	Abstract	Common operational picture (COP) map-based interfaces display operational information to support integration of emergency responders. Such interfaces integrate different subsystems and present the resulting information into an overview for enabling situation awareness. Literature shows that they are often developed from non-user-centric perspectives and are defined in technological terms that are not adequately capturing the users' needs. Therefore, the aim of this particular work in progress is to get insight into the features and the role of COP map-based interfaces currently being used in Norway to (1) examine their content, functionality, and design; and (2) to understand how such displays are incorporated into the service context. This study structures the knowledge on map displays that constitute part of the COP services. Using workshop and interviews with the developers and users of existing COP map services, we identify requirements for a common operational symbology and common operational functionality to improve such map services and make them interoperable.
	Address	Norwegian University of Science and Technology / Linköping University; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; University of Agder; University of Agder; University of Agder; University of Stavanger
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-48	ISBN	2411-3434	Medium
	Track	Geospatial Technologies and Geographic Information Science for Crisis Management (GIS)	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	tomasz.opach@ntnu.no			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2249
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	Author	Tomasz Opach; Carlo Navarra; Jan Ketil Rød; Tina - Simone Neset
	Title	Towards a Route Planner Supporting Pedestrian Navigation in Hazard Exposed Urban Areas			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	517-528
	Keywords	Pedestrian Navigation, Route Planning, Exposure To Heat, Exposure To Flood, Decision Support System.
	Abstract	This study aims to design a route planner functionality that includes real-time context information from physical sensors and citizen observations to support pedestrian navigation in urban areas exposed to extreme heat and floods. Urban population is growing and people living in urban areas are especially exposed to heat and urban flooding, which are two of the anticipated effects of climate change. Route planning functionality can be of value to individual citizens, especially those with limited mobility, as well as for healthcare professionals and authorities who are responsible for crisis response and management. Although the route planner functionality is to be experimentally implemented in a specific tool with the use of broadly available web technologies and real time data, a major generic outcome is the framework that can be used to develop the functionality as part of a decision support tool of any kind.
	Address	Norwegian University of Science and Technology / Linköping University; Linköping University; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Linköping University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-49	ISBN	2411-3435	Medium
	Track	Geospatial Technologies and Geographic Information Science for Crisis Management (GIS)	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	tomasz.opach@ntnu.no			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2250
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	Author	Yangyang Meng; Xiangliang Tian; Chang Liu; Zhongwen Li; Zhijie Zhou; Maohua Zhong
	Title	Research on Emergency Capability Evaluation of Network Operation-Based Urban Rail Transit			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	530-544
	Keywords	Urban Rail Transit; Network Operation; Emergency Capability Evaluation; Evaluation Index System.
	Abstract	In the process of network operation, it is of great significance to evaluate the emergency capability for the safety and resilience of urban rail transit. In this work, we proposed an emergency capability evaluation model of network operation-based urban rail transit by building a four-level index system. AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method demonstrated the effectiveness of the evaluation index system. The ranking of index importance Wi characterizes the emergency capability of network operation-based urban rail transit. Taking Shenzhen Metro as an example, this study analyzed the risk in the actual network operation, evaluated the emergency capability of network operation and calculated the comprehensive score of emergency capability. Furthermore, based on the correlation analysis results from the emergency capability indexes, we put forward some measures to improve the weaker indexes in the evaluation. The results indicate that the emergency capability evaluation method of network operation-based urban rail transit proposed in this study can better guide the emergency management of network operation-based urban rail transit.
	Address	Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Shenzhen Metro Group Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Metro Group Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of City Integrated Emergency Response Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-50	ISBN	2411-3436	Medium
	Track	Planning, Foresight and Risk Analysis	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	mengyy17@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2251
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