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	Author	Max Wyss
	Title	The kashmir M7.6 shock of 8 october 2005 calibrates estimates of losses in future himalayan earthquakes			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	397-401
	Keywords	Information systems; Correction factors; Energy release; Kashmir earthquake; Large earthquakes; Loss estimates; Moment tensor solutions; Scenario earthquakes; Seismic risk; Earthquakes
	Abstract	In an article published in March 2005, we estimated the number of fatalities to be expected in future large earthquakes in the Himalaya (Wyss, 2005). For the scenario called Kashmir, we estimated that 67,000 to 137,000 fatalities should be expected. The M7.6 Kashmir earthquake of 8 October 2005 caused approximately 85,000 fatalities. Thus, one may argue that we forecast this disaster well. However, we assumed M8.1, a depth of 25 km and an epicenter located about 200 km to the SE from the October epicenter. Using the moment tensor solution for the October earthquake with a depth of 12 km for the energy release, we estimate the number of fatalities between 29,000 and 56,000. Thus, a factor of 2 must be applied to obtain the observed number, and the depth of the energy release in the scenario earthquakes should be placed at 12 km, which results in on over-All correction factor of 2.4. Therefore, we correct our estimates for numbers of fatalities in future Himalayan earthquake to range from 100,000 to 500,000, as specified for the locations given in Table 2.
	Address	World Agency of Planetary Monitoring and Earthquake Risk Reduction, 2 rue de Jargonnant, CH-1207 Geneva, Switzerland
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	REAL-TIME ALERTS FOR EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMI	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1109
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	Author	Delia Berrouard; Krisztina Cziner; Adrian Boukalov
	Title	Emergency scenario user perspective in public safety communication systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	386-396
	Keywords	Information systems; Spatial distribution; Telecommunication; Communication technologies; Emergency response; Emergency situation; Information flows; Organization structures; Public safety; Public safety communications; User study; Emergency services
	Abstract	In the area of emergency response communication technologies, consideration of organization structure is critical in order to begin the understanding of user needs and optimize the development of effective technologies. User studies were carried out during the Wireless Deployable Network System European project-WIDENS. This paper discusses the information flow and spatial distribution of different European organizations involved in emergency response for various large-scale scenarios. The paper presents the operational view of emergency situation and related communication flows in several countries. Key results revealed that similarities exist in organizational roles, holding specific responsibilities in terms of location and task. Hierarchical arrangements and information flow may also be similar. However, difficulties lie in the efficient transmission of information due to slow information flow. Spatial distribution of personnel varies for scenarios. Future European studies are recommended for the advancement of our understanding of these newly addressed issues in public safety communication technologies and the needs of users in Europe.
	Address	Communication laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology (HUT), P.O: Box 2300, Fin-02015 Hut, Finland
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	RESEARCH METHODS IN CRISIS DECISION MAKING	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	315
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	Author	Rae Zimmerman; Carlos E. Restrepo
	Title	Information technology (IT) and critical infrastructure interdependencies for emergency response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	382-385
	Keywords	Critical infrastructures; Information systems; Public works; Electric power; Emergency response; Infrastructure interdependencies; Infrastructure technologies; Interdependencies; Natural disasters; Support services; Weak points; Emergency services
	Abstract	Information technologies and other critical infrastructures are interconnected in ways that can lead to vulnerabilities in the ability of these infrastructures to perform during natural disasters and acts of terrorism either to reduce adverse consequences or provide needed emergency response services. This research applies and adapts a number of indicators of infrastructure interdependency based on the authors' earlier research to determine where weak points and strengths occur in the interconnections between infrastructure technology and other infrastructure support services such as electric power and transportation, and where weak points create vulnerability that can be improved for more effective response in emergencies.
	Address	Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	RESEARCH METHODS IN CRISIS DECISION MAKING	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1161
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	Author	Marinus Maris; Gregor Pavlin
	Title	Distributed perception networks for crisis management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	376-381
	Keywords	Complex networks; Information fusion; Information systems; Multi agent systems; Automated information; Crisis management; Data storage infrastructure; Distributed perception; Distributed perception networks; Functional Prototypes; Mobile phone networks; Situation assessment; Information management
	Abstract	Situation assessment in crisis management applications can be supported by automated information fusion systems, such as Distributed Perception Networks. DPNs are self-organizing fusion systems that can infer hidden events through interpretation of huge amounts of heterogeneous and noisy observations. DPNs are a logical layer on top of existing communication, sensing, processing and data storage infrastructure. They can reliably and efficiently process information of various quality obtained from humans and sensors through the existing communication systems, such as mobile phone networks or internet. In addition, modularity of DPNs supports efficient design and maintenance of very complex fusion systems. In this paper, a fully functional prototype of a DPN system is presented that fuses information from gas sensors and human observations. The task of the system is to compute probability values for the hypothesis that a particular gas is present in the environment. It is discussed how such a system could be used for crisis management.
	Address	University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	RESEARCH METHODS IN CRISIS DECISION MAKING	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	744
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	Author	Jeremy Hutchings
	Title	Developing performance measures as part of an integrated approach to conservation management of cultural heritage assets			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	362-375
	Keywords	Information systems; Conservation management; Cultural heritages; Delphi surveys; Levels of protections; Management frameworks; Performance indicators; Soft systems; Systematic methodology; Historic preservation
	Abstract	For sustainable care of cultural heritage it is essential to set accurate goals. However, the difficulty involved in establishing what is accurate in any given circumstance is often highly underestimated. Unbalanced decision making based on partial consideration of the situation surrounding a cultural heritage asset can at best result in inefficient use of resources and at worst will lead to its rapid loss. But the balance of risk against benefit is not straightforward, the impact of certain activities are far easier to quantify than others. Consequently, the adoption of a well balanced approach that considers all activities equally within the same framework is the key to providing appropriate and sustainable levels of protection. The development of an appropriate and systematic methodology offers a resolution to this problem. The outcome will be a suite of performance indicators assigned to each activity within a multivariate management framework. This paper describes the development and validation of such a methodology and the current status of the author's research.
	Address	Oslo University, Norway
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	RESEARCH METHODS IN CRISIS DECISION MAKING	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	607
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	Author	Jaco Appelman; Elisabeth A. M. Van De Kar; Mariëlle Hengst-Bruggeling; Josine Van De Ven; Paul Burghardt
	Title	A service elicitation process for crisis management technologies			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	352-361
	Keywords	Information systems; Requirements engineering; Crisis management; Design Methodology; Gss; Service elicitation; Technological applications; User groups; Design
	Abstract	New information technological applications, that aim to support better professional responses to incidents and crises' are being developed at an increasing rate. We observe in almost any disaster that actions by civilians also contribute substantially to alleviation of the effects of a crisis. We are largely unaware what crisis management services would be of use to civilians under these particular circumstances; just as it is difficult for users to specify requirements for services based on novel technologies. These insights guided the design of a service elicitation approach that can be repeatedly used for different user groups. In this paper we introduce a design methodology and discuss outcomes of a first test-session. We reflect in the conclusions on improvements to the design.
	Address	Delft University of Technology, Netherlands; Delft University of Technology and TNO, Netherlands; TNO and DECIS-lab, Netherlands; DECIS-lab, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	RESEARCH METHODS IN CRISIS DECISION MAKING	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	269
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	Author	Brian M. Tomaszewski; Alan M. MacEachren
	Title	A distributed spatiotemporal cognition approach to visualization in support of coordinated group activity			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	347-351
	Keywords	Disaster prevention; Information systems; Web services; Distributed cognition; Geo visualizations; Geocollaboration; International Relief; Spatiotemporal Cognition; Web-map services; Geographic information systems
	Abstract	Technological advances in both distributed cooperative work and web-map services have the potential to support distributed and collaborative time-critical decision-making for crisis response. We address this potential through the theoretical perspective of distributed cognition and apply this perspective to development of a geocollaborationenabled web application that supports coordinated crisis management activities. An underlying goal of our overall research program is to understand how distributed cognition operates across groups working to develop both awareness of the geographic situation within which events unfold, and insights about the processes that have lead to that geographic situation over time. In this paper, we present our preliminary research on a web application that addresses these issues. Specifically, the application (key parts of which are implemented) enables online, asynchronous, map-based interaction between actors, thus supporting distributed spatial and temporal cognition, and, more specifically, situational awareness and subsequent action in the context of humanitarian disaster relief efforts.
	Address	Department of Geography, GeoVISTA Center, Pennsylvania State University, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	VISUALIZATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1010
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	Author	Tom Ritchey
	Title	Modeling multi-hazard disaster reduction strategies with computer-Aided morphological analysis			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	339-346
	Keywords	Disaster prevention; Disasters; Information systems; Linguistics; Morphology; Risk assessment; Disaster reduction; Disaster reduction strategy; Engineering science; Knowledge and experience; Mitigation measures; Morphological analysis; Multidimensional problems; Proof of principles; Hazards
	Abstract	Disaster Risk Management (DRM) is a multi-dimensional problem complex requiring knowledge and experience from a wide range of disciplines. It also requires a methodology which can collate and organize this knowledge in an effective, transparent manner. Towards this end, seven specialists from the social, natural and engineering sciences collaborated in a facilitated workshop in order to develop a prototype multi-hazard disaster reduction model. The model, developed with computer-Aided morphological analysis (MA), makes it possible to identify and compare risk reduction strategies, and preparedness and mitigation measures, for different types of hazards. Due to time constraints, the model is neither complete nor accurate-but only represents a proof-of-principle. The workshop was sponsored by the Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Research Center (EDM) in Kobe, in January, 2005.
	Address	Swedish Defense Research Agency, Sweden
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	VISUALIZATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	879
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	Author	Aaron Burgman; Nikhil Kalghatgi; Erika Darling; Chris M. Newbern; Kristine Recktenwald; Shawn Chin; Howard Kong
	Title	Emergency data analysis via semantic lensing			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	334-338
	Keywords	Information systems; Semantics; Analysis; Completion time; Decision makers; Emergency preparedness and response; Emergency situation; Filtering strategies; Information visualization; Mapping softwares; Emergency services
	Abstract	Emergency situations often play out over extended geographic regions and can present response personnel with numerous types of data at various level of detail. Such data may be displayed in mapping software tools that organize the data into layers. Sufficiently complex scenarios can result in dense, occluded, and cluttered map displays. We investigated a localized, detail-on-demand filtering strategy called semantic lensing that in certain situations provides a more efficient and desirable approach than filtering global layers for mitigating clutter and occlusion. An initial formal user study with these semantic lenses has shown their value in aiding decision makers during tasks that might occur during detection of and response to emergency situations. Completion times are significantly faster when using lenses, and workloads are significantly lower. Future work will evaluate additional features and task-specific applicability, and may support the distribution of such a lens tool to emergency preparedness and response personnel.
	Address	MITRE Corporation, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	VISUALIZATION IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	352
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	Author	Eli Rohn
	Title	Data integration potentiometer in DERMIS			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	326-333
	Keywords	Data integration; Emergency services; Voltage dividers; Data resources; Emergency response; Emergency response management; Payoff function; Information management
	Abstract	Dynamic Emergency Response Management Information Systems must integrate data from heterogeneous and autonomous resources. We propose a mathematically based approach for evaluating and quantifying the potential of a successful automatic integration between pairs of data resources. The integration potential, expressed as a percent, should influence assumptions and procedures of emergency response planners.
	Address	Department of Information Systems, NJIT, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	887
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	Author	Gabriel Jakobson; Nandan Parameswaran; John Buford; Lundy Lewis; Pradeep Ray
	Title	Situation-Aware multi-Agent system for disaster relief operations management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	313-324
	Keywords	Architecture; Disasters; Information systems; Multi agent systems; BDI Agent; Belief-desire-intention models; Disaster relief operations; Disaster situations; Large-scale disasters; Situation assessment; Situation identifications; Situation management; Disaster prevention
	Abstract	Natural and human-made disasters create unparalleled challenges to Disaster Situation Management (DSM). One of the major weaknesses of the current DSM solutions is the lack of comprehensive understanding of the overall disaster operational situation, and very often making decisions based on a single event. Such weakness is clearly exhibited by the solutions based on the widely used Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) models for building the Muiti-Agent Systems (MAS). In this work we present the adaptation of the AESOP situation management architecture to address the requirements of disaster relief operations. In particular, we extend the existing BDI model with the capability of situation awareness. We describe how the key functions of event collection, situation identification, and situation assessment are implemented in MAS architecture suitable to the characteristics of large-scale disaster recovery. We present the details of a BDI agent in this architecture including a skeleton ontology, and the distributed service architecture of the AESOP platform.
	Address	Altusys Corp, Australia; University of New South Wales, Australia; Southern New Hampshire University, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	617
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	Author	Mitchell L. Moss; Anthony M. Townsend
	Title	Disaster forensics: Leveraging crisis information systems for social science			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	305-312
	Keywords	Metadata; Sensor networks; Social sciences; Context-awareness; Crisis management; Design considerations; Emerging technologies; Forensics; Indian Ocean Tsunami; Sensing; Social science research; Disasters
	Abstract	This paper contributes to the literature on information systems in crisis management by providing an overview of emerging technologies for sensing and recording sociological data about disasters. These technologies are transforming our capacity to gather data about what happens during disasters, and our ability to reconstruct the social dynamics of affected communities. Our approach takes a broad review of disaster research literature, current research efforts and new reports from recent disasters, especially Hurricane Katrina and the Indian Ocean Tsunami. We forecast that sensor networks will revolutionize conceptual and empiricial approaches to research in the social sciences, by providing unprecedented volumes of high-quality data on movements, communication and response activities by both formal and informal actors. We conclude with a set of recommendations to designers of crisis management information systems to design systems that can support social science research, and argue for the inclusion of post-disaster social research as a design consideration in such systems.
	Address	Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, United States; Institute for the Future, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	HUMAN FACTORS IN MULTI-AGENCY CRISIS MANAGEMENT	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	789
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	Author	Sukumar Dwarkanath; Michael Daconta
	Title	Emergency services enterprise framework: A service-oriented approach			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	298-304
	Keywords	Information analysis; Information systems; All-hazards; Emergency response; Enterprise framework; Information sharing; Key elements; Service-oriented approaches; Service-oriented enterprise; Strategic goals; Emergency services
	Abstract	The current Emergency Services landscape is characterized by a number of systems and networks that are isolated in nature, thus making information sharing impractical, if not impossible. Such an environment does not promote ease of information sharing, and each incident highlights the need for efficient collaboration and coordination, and the need for a holistic internetwork-a series of virtual interconnected networks-approach. In other words, it requires an overall framework that looks at safety as an overall enterprise, (albeit one with thousands of independent agency owners), with the strategic goal to facilitate greater collaboration and effectiveness of operations, and to ensure a streamlined and efficient prevention of, response to, and recovery from all-hazards. 1 Adopting a Service-Oriented enterprise approach is extremely useful and has number of advantages in such an environment. This paper defines a framework-in the context of an enterprise-an envisioned Emergency Services Enterprise Framework, and identifies the key elements of this framework.
	Address	COMCARE, Australia
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	HUMAN FACTORS IN MULTI-AGENCY CRISIS MANAGEMENT	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	462
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	Author	Bogdan Tatomir; Leon J.M. Rothkrantz; Mirela Popa
	Title	Intelligent system for exploring dynamic crisis environments			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	288-297
	Keywords	Complex networks; Information systems; Intelligent systems; Mobile ad hoc networks; Multi agent systems; Crisis; Emergency; Graph matchings; Infrastructure-less; Manet; Map merging; Topological map; Merging
	Abstract	The routing in complex buildings is provided by information systems. But during a crisis situation, these systems may collapse due to certain incidents like an explosion, a fire or sabotage. The task of guiding people in this situation has to be handled in some way. In this paper we present a possible solution to this problem. We use a multi-agent system in a mobile ad-hoc network, without the need of any infrastructure. The main idea of the paper is that just by exploring the damaged building, the data of the changing environment becomes available and the challenge is how to fuse this data from different observers. We focused on the way of building, sharing and merging topological maps, using observations from individuals present in this infrastructure-less network. Besides a more efficient exploration of the building, the system presented in this paper can provide the rescue teams with additional services like finding the nearest exit. Some results of the tests we run with our system are also presented.
	Address	Delft University of Technology, DecisLab, Delft, NL, Netherlands; Delft University of Technology, Delft, NL, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	997
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	Author	Tim Schoenharl; Greg Madey; Gábor Szabó; Albert-László Barabási
	Title	WIPER: A multi-agent system for emergency response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	282-287
	Keywords	Computer simulation; Information services; Information systems; Multi agent systems; Multimedia systems; Service oriented architecture (SOA); Web services; Agent based simulation; Emergency planners; Emergency response; Emergency response systems; Emergency situation; GIS modeling; Integrated systems; Web-based interface; Emergency services
	Abstract	This paper describes the proposed WIPER system. WIPER is intended to provide emergency planners and responders with an integrated system that will help to detect possible emergencies, as well as to suggest and evaluate possible courses of action to deal with the emergency. The system is designed as a multi-agent system using web services and the service oriented architecture. Components of the system for detecting and mitigating emergency situations can be added and removed from the system as the need arises. WIPER is designed to evaluate potential plans of action using a series of GIS enabled Agent-Based simulations that are grounded on realtime data from cell phone network providers. The system relies on the DDDAS concept, the interactive use of partial aggregate and detailed realtime data to continuously update the system and allow emergency planners to stay updated on the situation. The interaction with the system is done using a web-based interface and is composed of several overlaid layers of information, allowing users rich detail and flexibility.
	Address	University of Notre Dame, Dept of Computer Science and Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; University of Notre Dame, Dept of Physics, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	921
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	Author	Stephen Potter; Austin Tate; Gerhard Wickler
	Title	Using I-X process panels as intelligent to-do lists for agent coordination in emergency response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	272-281
	Keywords	Information systems; User interfaces; Web services; Agent coordination; Distributed systems; Domain model; Emergency responders; Emergency response; HTN planning; Multiple instances; Standard operating procedures; Emergency services
	Abstract	The aim of this paper is to describe the I-X system with its principal user interface, the I-X Process Panel, its underlying ontology, , and how this panel can be used as an intelligent to-do list that assists emergency responders in applying pre-defined standard operating procedures in different types of emergencies. In particular, multiple instances of I-X Process Panels can be used as a distributed system to coordinate the efforts of independent emergency responders as well as responders within the same organization. Furthermore, it can be used as an agent wrapper for other software systems such as web services to integrate these into the emergency response team as virtual members. The heart of the I-X system is an automated planner that can be used to synthesize courses of action or explore alternative options manually.
	Address	AIAI, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	850
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	Author	Peter Otto; Salvatore Belardo
	Title	A theoretical evaluation of information processing resources during organizational crisis			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	262-271
	Keywords	Computer simulation; Information systems; Stresses; Crisis; Crisis management; Double-loop learning; Organizational learning; Single-loop learning; Theoretical evaluation; Theoretical framework; Yerkes-dodson laws; Computer aided instruction
	Abstract	The purpose of this paper is to present a model for testing different organizational learning characteristics and their effects on performance rate in times of an unexpected temporary increase in workload. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of Yerkes-Dodson law, the stress-buffering effect of coping resources, and established crisis management models, the authors examine the hypotheses of curvilinear and interactional influence of single and double-loop learning on stress levels during crises. Using a simulation model, we identify thresholds in single and double-loop learning environments, where increases in workload lead to dysfunctional effects of stress. The findings indicate support for the hypothesis that an organization that employs double-loop learning is less susceptible to negative stress in times of a crisis. Overall, the study highlights the characteristics of different learning types and its effects on stress. It is suggested that experiments with a simulation model lead to a better understanding of how information processing resources that people have access to in stress events, buffers or protects them from negative effects.
	Address	Management Information Systems, School of Business, Dowling College, NY, United States; Management Science and Information Systems, School of Business, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	822
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	Author	Gerd Van Den Eede; Willem J. Muhren; Raphaël Smals; Bartel A. Van De Walle
	Title	IS capability for incident management and the DERMIS design premises			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	251-261
	Keywords	System theory; Capability trap; Emergency Response Information Systems; Incident Management; Iscram; System Dynamics; Emergency services
	Abstract	In this paper we present a dynamic model of the performance of an organization's Incident Management process as determined by the capability of its supporting emergency response information system. Our work is based on the Capability Trap model by Repenning & Sterman (2001) and draws from the many insights on emergency response information systems design as described in the DERMIS (Dynamic Emergency Response Management Information System) framework established by Turoff et al. 2004. Whereas the latter describes the premises that underlie an Information System (IS) that is capable of ensuring a reliable and flexible emergency response, the present paper contributes to the research field by looking at the interrelations of the aforementioned premises. We take a System Dynamics approach and gain insights in the key determinants of IS Capability by highlighting the mutual interdependences grouped around the concepts of adaptability, control, implicit knowledge and explicit knowledge.
	Address	Vlekho Business School, Brussels, Belgium; Tilburg University, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	227
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	Author	Elio Rich
	Title	Modeling risk dynamics in e-operations transitions			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	239-250
	Keywords	Computer simulation; Drilling platforms; Knowledge management; Risks; E-operations; Group model building; Offshore oil platform; Oil platforms; Quantitative modeling; Simulation; Simulation demonstrate; System Dynamics; Information systems
	Abstract	Migrations to new modes of operation are perilous times for most organizations. For firms that routinely work in high-threat, high-reward situations, the risks of innovation are particularly challenging. This paper presents a systems-based approach to understanding these risks, drawing examples from one firm migrating to e-Operations for offshore oil platforms to increase profitability. The firm recently participated in two facilitated group model building exercises to examine the effects of the migration on the organization and resources needed to safely implement multiple changes over time. Based on these exercises, a simulation model of the timing and relative levels of risk, was developed. The results of the workshop and simulation demonstrate the effect of a combined qualitative and quantitative modeling approach to understanding complex problems.
	Address	Department of Information Technology Management, School of Business, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	877
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	Author	Niels Netten; Maarten Van Someren
	Title	Automated support for dynamic information distribution in incident management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	230-237
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Information systems; Adaptive information; Automated support; Dynamic information; Emergency response personnels; Group communications; Incident Management; Machine learning methods; Simulated experiments; Learning systems
	Abstract	For all emergency response personnel involved in crisis situations it is essential to timely acquire all information critical to their task performance. However, in practice errors occur in the distribution of information between these collaborating actors leading to mistakes and subsequently more damage to the situation. In this paper we present a prototype system for dynamic information distribution able to support the information flow between collaborating crisis actors. The system has been evaluated by means of simulated experiments that use data from a real incident scenario. The results indicate that automated support by means of Machine Learning method works well. Especially, when actor work context features are included, then the performance on selecting and distributing relevant information is high. Furthermore, actors acquire relevant information much faster making group communication much more efficient.
	Address	Human-Computer Studies Laboratory, Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam (UvA), Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	COMMAND AND CONTROL	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	807
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	Author	Josine Van De Ven; Martijn Neef
	Title	A critical thinking environment for crisis response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	223-229
	Keywords	Decision support systems; Information systems; Crisis management; Crisis response; Critical issues; Critical thinking; Decision supports; Integrated supports; Various technologies; Working environment; Decision making
	Abstract	Building up a proper understanding of a large-scale incident is an important and difficult process. We envision a working environment for decision makers in crisis management situations that allows them to work with information in various ways. That will stimulate them to think critically in processing the information they receive-All in support of rapid sensemaking and decision making. To realize this ambition, we combine various technologies into an integrated support concept called the Critical Thinking Environment (CTE), aimed at tackling critical issues in sensemaking.
	Address	TNO Defense, Security and Safety Soesterberg, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	COMMAND AND CONTROL	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1037
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	Author	Nong Chen; Ajantha Dahanayake
	Title	Personalized situation aware information retrieval and access for crisis response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	214-222
	Keywords	Information systems; Crisis response; Information acquisitions; Personalizations; Personalized information; Personalized information retrieval; Plug-and-play architecture; Relief organizations; Situation awareness; Information retrieval
	Abstract	Crisis response is an information intensive process, which produces or consumes large quantities of information from different relief organizations. Although personalized information retrieval and access has been realized as an efficient means to accelerate information acquisitions, most IT enabled applications in the fields can only provide uniform information to all the involved relief organizations. The traditional centralized design principle dominantly used to address the inter-organizational information accesses over boundaries is no longer feasible due to its lack of flexibility and adaptability to deal with dynamically changing information needs caused by the unpredictable nature of the crises. In this paper we present our ongoing research regarding a plug and play service architecture for personalized, situation aware information retrieval and access services, which offers a new way of thinking about the retrieval of personalized information in the context of crisis response.
	Address	Systems engineering group Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	COMMAND AND CONTROL	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	389
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	Author	Bernard Van Veelen; Patrick Storms; Chris J. Van Aart
	Title	Effective and efficient coordination strategies for agile crisis response organizations			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	202-213
	Keywords	Knowledge based systems; Agent-based systems; Autonomous systems; Coordination; Organization and management; Self management; Quality of service
	Abstract	Agile crisis response organizations can be seen as actor-Agent communities, where artificial coordination strategies are applied to manage activities. This paper provides a classification of artificial coordination strategies, specified in terms of the Rasmussen's three-level model for supervisory control: skill, rule and knowledge based. Three distinct strategies to artificial coordination based on Rasmussen's levels are described. These approaches are applied in a small case study related to the problem of medic-casualty allocation in the crisis response domain. In terms of effectiveness and efficiency, the knowledge-level coordination strategies seem to be the most effective, where the skill-level strategies are the most efficient. Concerning flexibility there is a reverse trade-off with efficiency. Opposed to skill-level strategies, knowledge-level strategies easily adjust to changing operational requirements. On all aspects, the performance of rule-level strategies is in-between knowledge-level and skill-level strategies. The results of this work can be used to improve the performance and effectiveness of actor-Agent communities for mission critical applications.
	Address	DECIS Lab, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	COMMAND AND CONTROL	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1047
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	Author	Noel Johnson; Ann Fruhling
	Title	Development and assessment of the STATPack[TM] emergency response system			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	197-201
	Keywords	Bioterrorism; Public health; Telemedicine; Emergency response management; Emergency response systems; EXtreme Programming; Health emergencies; Microbiology laboratory; National level; Preliminary assessment; Rural community; Laboratories
	Abstract	The STATPack is a telemedicine consultation and emergency response system which was developed to increase statewide laboratory responsiveness to public health emergencies. Although several emergency response management information systems have been created for diagnostic laboratories at the national level, most states in the U.S. do not have the capability to share critical public health microbiology laboratory information at local levels, especially in rural communities. This paper offers a description and preliminary assessment of the STATPack as it is being deployed by the Nebraska Public Health Laboratory and should be recognized as research in-progress. Initial experiences with this emergency response system have been encouraging.
	Address	University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States; University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES IN EMERGENCY RESPONSE	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	639
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	Author	Martin Voshell; Stijn Oomes
	Title	Coordinating (Shared) perspectives in robot assisted search & rescue			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	188-196
	Keywords	Human computer interaction; Human resource management; Information systems; Human perceptual system; Navigation problem; Perceptual ambiguities; Position and orientations; Remote perception; Search and rescue robot; Software interfaces; Urban search and rescue; Robots
	Abstract	From high fidelity field exercises to disaster response deployments, search and rescue robots are being readily integrated into rescue operations. Previous research has proposed that for such new technology to be successful in an operation the organization architecture needs to support the coordination of shared perspectives between the human team members and the robotic platforms. For this, the robot platforms need to be effective team players in the field of practice. Based on this conceptual model, this paper introduces a novel software interface utilizing virtual position and orientation indicators to alleviate perceptual ambiguities and navigation problems experienced by robot handlers and problem holders. By actively orchestrating and sharing these indicators between handler and operator displays, the interface caters to user expertise and to the natural competency of the human perceptual system. These probes provide a basic tool for aiding robot navigation and way-finding fundamental to effective team coordination and communication in urban search and rescue missions.
	Address	Ohio State University, Cognitive Systems Engineering Laboratory, Columbus, OH, United States; Delft University of Technology Man-Machine Interaction, Delft, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES IN EMERGENCY RESPONSE	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1054
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